42,889 research outputs found
Budget projections and clinical impact of an immuno-oncology class of treatments: Experience in four EU markets
No full textBackground
Immunotherapies have revolutionized oncology, but their rapid expansion may potentially put healthcare budgets under strain. We developed an approach to reduce demand uncertainty and inform decision makers and payers of the potential health outcomes and budget impact of the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 class of immuno-oncology (IO) treatments.
Methods
We used partitioned survival modelling and budget impact analysis to estimate overall survival, progression-free survival, life years gained (LYG), and number of adverse events (AEs), comparing “worlds with and without” anti-PD-1/PD-L1s over five years. The cancer types initially included melanoma, first and second line non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder, head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer [1]. Inputs were based on publicly available data, literature, and expert advice.
Results
The model [2] estimated budget and health impact of the anti-PD-1/PD-L1s and projected that between 2018−2022 the class [3] would have a manageable economic impact per year, compared to the current standard of care (SOC).
The first country adaptations showed that for that period Belgium would save around 11,100 additional life years and avoid 6,100 AEs. Slovenia - 1,470 LYGs and 870 AEs avoided; Austria - respectively 4,200, 3,000; Italy – 19,800, 6,800. For Austria, the class had a projected share of about 4.5 % of the cancer care budget and 0.4 % of the total 2020 healthcare budget. For Belgium, Slovenia, and Italy - respectively 15.1 % and 1.1 %, 12.6 %, 0.6 %, and 6.5 %, 0.5 %.
Conclusion
The Health Impact Projection (HIP) is a horizon scanning model designed to estimate the potential budget and health impact of the PD-(L)1 inhibitor class at a country level for the next five years. It provides valuable data to payers which they can use to support their reimbursement plans
Development of an atmosphere-ocean coupled model and its application over the Adriatic Sea during a severe weather event of Bora wind
No full textThis study presents the results of an application to a Bora severe weather episode (January 1995) in the northern Adriatic Sea of the regional two-way atmosphere-ocean coupled model (RAMS-DieCAST), developed jointly by the Università di Torino and the Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico del CNR, Trieste. RAMS-DieCAST showed significantly better ability to predict the sea surface temperature (SST) and its time evolution during the above mentioned episode using a full two-way coupling as opposed to simpler one-way forcing of the ocean. In this context, we found out that even in the high-frequency variability conditions that are typical of Bora events, heat fluxes from the sea must be taken into account for a better description of air-sea interaction processes in a dynamical framework. The SST evolution has been chosen as a validation parameter, owing to its availability and relevance for the characterization of the marine environment and local weather and climate studies. The simulations carried out with RAMS-DieCAST present a small systematic error in calculating the SST evolution; however, a sensitivity analysis of the model to the preparation of initial conditions of the simulation suggested that climatological initialization could be partly responsible for this error, which might be reduced by assimilating satellite-derived SSTs into the preparation of the initial conditions of the model
Laguerre geometry of hypersurfaces in R-n
No full textLaguerre geometry of surfaces in R-3 is given in the book of Blaschke [Vorlesungen uber Differentialgeometrie, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1929)], and has been studied by Musso and Nicolodi [Trans. Am. Math. soc. 348, 4321-4337 (1996); Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 69, 123-138 (1999); Int. J. Math. 11(7), 911-924 (2000)], Palmer [Remarks on a variation problem in Laguerre geometry. Rendiconti di Mathematica, Serie VII, Roma, vol. 19, pp. 281-293 (1999)] and other authors. In this paper we study Laguerre differential geometry of hypersurfaces in R-n. For any umbilical free hypersurface x:M -> R-n with non-zero principal curvatures we define a Laguerre invariant metric g on M and a Laguerre invariant self-adjoint operator S:TM -> TM, and show that {g,S} is a complete Laguerre invariant system for hypersurfaces in R-n with >= 4. We calculate the Euler-Lagrange equation for the Laguerre volume functional of Laguerre metric by using Laguerre invariants. Using the Euclidean space R-n, the semi-Euclidean space R-1(n) and the degenerate space R-0(n) we define three Laguerre space forms URn, UR1n and UR0n and define the Laguerre embeddings URn1 -> URn and UR0n -> URn, analogously to what happens in the Moebius geometry where we have Moebius space forms S-n, H-n and R-n (spaces of constant curvature) and conformal embeddings H-n -> S-n and R-n -> S-n[cf. Liu et al. in Tohoku Math. J. 53, 553-569 (2001) and Wang in Manuscr. Math. 96, 517-534 (1998)]. Using these Laguerre embeddings we can unify the Laguerre geometry of hypersurfaces in R-n, R-1(n) and R-0(n). As an example we show that minimal surfaces in R-1(3) or R-0(3) are Laguerre minimal in R-3.MathematicsSCI(E)0ARTICLE173-9512
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Experimental investigation into the effect of substrate clamping on the piezoelectric behaviour of thick-film PZT elements
No full textThis paper details an experimental investigation of the clamping effect associated with thick-film piezoelectric elements printed on a substrate. The clamping effect reduces the measured piezoelectric coefficient, d33, of the film. This reduction is due to the influence of the d31 component in the film when a deformation of the structure occurs, by either the direct or indirect piezoelectric effect. Theoretical analysis shows a reduction in the measured d33 of 62%, i.e. a standard bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5H sample with a manufacturer specified d33 of 593pC/N would fall to 227.8pC/N. To confirm this effect, the d33 coefficients of five thin bulk PZT-5H samples of 220µm thickness were measured before and after their attachment to a metallized 96% alumina substrate. The experimental results show a reduction in d33 of 74% from 529pC/N to 139pC/N. The theoretical analysis was then applied to existing University of Southampton thick-film devices. It is estimated that the measured d33 value of 131pC/N of the thick-film devices is the equivalent of an unconstrained d33 of 345pC/N
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Working memory capacity and the risky-choice framing effect: A preregistered replication and extension of Corbin et al. (2010) - Addendum 2023-04-28
No full textWe want to include the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT, Fredercik, 2005)* at the end of our survey. Our motivation to include CRT is unrelated to the present registered report. It concerns another project that investigates the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and CRT. Since we already have WMC measures in our present project, adding CRT would be a quick and economical way to collect data for the other project as well. The CRT block will always come last in the survey so it would minimally affect performance on the other tasks. The JDM editor, Jon Baron, has approved this change, as long as we also add it to the present preregistration.
Everything else will be kept the same as in the original preregistration:
Rachev, N. R., (2022, November 7). Working memory capacity and the risky-choice framing effect: A preregistered replication and extension of Corbin et al. (2010). Retrieved from https://osf.io/grp5m
* We will use a 7-item version of CRT (Toplak et al., 2014), and alternative versions of the original 3 CRT items (Attali & Bar-Hillel, 2020). We will preregister this in more detail as a separate study
Challenge in R&D Management : Tata Steel A Case Study
No full textThe purpose of R&D management is to promote innovation as
well as wealth creation. The paper traces the history of R&D managementhow it has changed from the first generation when only innovation was the main objective to the fifth generation where IT plays an important role. It is now necessary to understand the needs of market for conducting worthwhile research. The author shares his experience of R&D management at Tata Steel. The experience shows that by adopting judicious R&D strategy it is possible to face the challenges of reconciling innovation with wealth
creation is possible by a judicious R&D strategy
Generalized exponentials through Appell sets in and Bessel functions
No full textAIP conference proceedings, vol. 936In this paper we present applications of a special class of homogeneous monogenic polynomials constructed, in the framework of hypercomplex function theory, in order to be an Appell set of polynomials. In particular, we derive important properties of an associated exponential function from to and propose a generalization to .The research of the first author was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the research program POCTI. The research of the second author was partially supported by the R&D unit Matematica e Aplicacoes (UIMA) of the University of Aveiro, through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The second author thanks N. Giirlebeck for fruitful discussions on this subject
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