65 research outputs found
Effect sizes in ongoing randomized controlled critical care trials
No full textAbstract Background An important limitation of many critical care trial designs is that they hypothesize large, and potentially implausible, reductions in mortality. Interpretation of trial results could be improved by systematic assessment of the plausibility of trial hypotheses; however, such assessment has not been attempted in the field of critical care medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine clinicians’ views about prior probabilities and plausible effect sizes for ongoing critical care trials where the primary endpoint is landmark mortality. Methods We conducted a systematic review of clinical trial registries in September 2015 to identify ongoing critical care medicine trials where landmark mortality was the primary outcome, followed by a clinician survey to obtain opinions about ten large trials. Clinicians were asked to estimate the probability that each trial would demonstrate a mortality effect equal to or larger than that used in its sample size calculations. Results Estimates provided by individual clinicians varied from 0% to 100% for most trials, with a median estimate of 15% (IQR 10–20%). The median largest absolute mortality reduction considered plausible was 4.5% (IQR 3.5–5%), compared with a median absolute mortality reduction used in sample size calculations of 5% (IQR 3.6–10%) (P = 0.27). Conclusions For some of the largest ongoing critical care trials, many clinicians regard prior probabilities as low and consider that plausible effects on absolute mortality are less than 5%. Further work is needed to determine whether pooled estimates obtained by surveying clinicians are replicable and accurate or whether other methods of estimating prior probability are preferred
Knowledge and practices of cervical cancer screening among married women in a semi-urban population of Ludhiana, Punjab
No full textBackground and Objectives: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality among women in India. Hence, the objectives of this study were to find out the perception of women towards cervical cancer and assess their health-seeking behavior for screening. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2009 among married women above 15 years of age by systematic random sampling of households in Field Ganj, Ludhiana, India. Information was gathered by a questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding cervical cancer. Results: Of the 304 women interviewed, 28.9% (88) had heard of cervical cancer and 12.2% (37) knew it could be preventable. Only 4.3% (13) of the women had heard about Pap smear. Interpretation and Conclusions: Inadequate knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear is the greatest obstacle to effective screening. Identifying individual and community-level barriers is important in increasing cervical cancer screening
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A novel surgical tool for stimulation paddle delivery to the dorsal root ganglion of the spine
No full textDorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation is a novel method of treating chronic pain in which a lead with a set of electrodes is placed on the nerve root of the spinal cord above the pain site. This method shows promise over traditional spinal cord stimulation due to the its localized nature as opposed to stimulating the entire dorsal column. Paddle stimulators have been shown to have more targeted therapy, are more energy efficient, and be more versatile by having a larger number of electrode contacts than traditional cylindrical leads. The major challenge with delivering a paddle electrode is accessing the DRG without damaging the root. This project seeks to create a novel surgical tool to assist in delivering a stimulating paddle into the intervertebral foramen via a stylet-retractor mechanism. The tool has a footprint 50% smaller than the available space through which to traverse to access the DRG and can overcome the estimated 1.7 lb force of the surrounding ligaments. The device obtained positive feedback during cadaver labs with orthopedic surgeons and could be manufactured in the future as a viable product.Mechanical Engineerin
Book review: Reading new India: post-millennial Indian fiction in English
No full text"Reading New India: Post-Millennial Indian Fiction in English." E. Dawson Varughese. Bloomsbury. February 2013. --- The book describes how Indian fiction has moved beyond notions of ‘postcolonial’ writing to reflect an increasingly confident and diverse cultures by exploring the work of such writers as Aravind Adiga (author of the Man-Booker Prize winning White Tiger), Usha K.R. and Taseer. Emily Coolidge Toker finds the the splendor and the misery of Reading New India is that it whets the appetite for the fiction it introduces but necessarily fails to satiate the appetite thus awakened
Reading New India: post-millennial Indian fiction in English
No full textReading New India is an insightful exploration of contemporary Indian writing in English. Exploring the work of such writers as Aravind Adiga (author of the Man-Booker Prize winning White Tiger), Usha K.R. and Taseer, the book looks at how the 'new' India has been recreated and defined in an English Language literature that is now reaching a global audience. The book describes how Indian fiction has moved beyond notions of 'postcolonial' writing to reflect an increasingly confident and diverse cultures.
Reading New India covers such topics as:
•Representations of the city - from Mumbai to Calcutta
•Young India - from Chick Lit to Blog Novels
•Genre fiction - crime novels, science fiction and fantasy
•Bollywood adaptations and Graphic Novels.
Including a chronological time-line of major social, cultural and political reforms, biographies of the major authors covered, further reading and a glossary of Hindi terms, this book is an essential guide for students of contemporary world literature and postcolonial writing
Oblique propagating electromagnetic ion – Cyclotron instability with A.C. field in outer magnetosphere
No full textValidation of Waste Anaesthetic Gas Exposure Limits When Using a Closed Vaporizer Filling System: A Laboratory-Based Study
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