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Ist die Bläulingszikade (Metcalfa pruinosa) ein potenzieller Überträger des Welkepilzes Verticillium nonalfalfae?
No full textBisherige Untersuchungen in Europa und Nordamerika haben gezeigt, dass der Welkepilz Verticillium nonalfalfae zur biologischen Bekämpfung des invasiven Götterbaums (Ailanthus altissima) eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei ist jedoch sicherzustellen, dass das dafür eingesetzte Welkepilz-Isolat zu keinen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen an Nicht-Ziel-Organismen führt. In dieser Arbeit wurde geprüft, ob die polyphage Bläulingszikade (Metcalfa pruinosa) als saugendes Insekt diesen Pilz ggf. aufnehmen und an weitere Wirtspflanzen übertragen kann. Als Wirtspflanzen dienten Spinat und Götterbaum, welche sich in vorangegangenen Untersuchungen als hoch anfällig gegenüber V. nonalfalfae gezeigt haben. Zuerst wurde mit gesammelten Bläulingszikaden Nymphen eine Erhaltungszucht angelegt. Getopfte Götterbäume wurden dann mittels Stamminokulation mit dem V. nonalfalfae Isolat Vert56 infiziert und nach einer Latenzzeit von zehn Tagen zusammen mit ca. 15 Zikaden in Insekten-dichte Netzkäfige eingebracht. Nach vier Tagen Saugtätigkeit am inokulierten Götterbaum wurden zusätzlich Verticillium-freie Götterbäume oder Spinatpflanzen in die Käfige gestellt. Ein Kappen der inokulierten Götterbäume sollte den Wirtswechsel der Zikaden von den inokulierten Götterbäumen zu den nicht inokulierten Pflanzen initiieren. Letztere wurden nach dem Absammeln der Zikaden mittels eines etablierten Bonitur-Schemas wöchentlich auf die Ausbildung von Symptomen einer Verticillium-Welke beurteilt. Die Resultate dieser Bonitur sowie der genetischen Analysen mittels artspezifischer Primer, lassen darauf schließen, dass es weder zu einer Aufnahme des V. nonalfalfae Isolat Vert56 durch die Bläulingszikaden-Nymphen, noch – von einer Ausnahme abgesehen – zu einer Infektion der neu eingebrachten Verticillium-freien Pflanzen kam. Verdünnungsreihen haben zudem gezeigt, dass die angewandte genetische Analysemethode in der Lage ist, V. nonalfalfae in Zikadenproben bis hin zu einer Untergrenze von zwei Konidien/µl nachzuweisen.Current studies in Europe and North America showed that the wilt inducing fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae is a suitable control agent against the invasive Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). Therefore, it is important to ensure that the used isolate of the fungus has no negative impact on non-target organisms. This paper should elucidate, if the polyphagous, sap-feeding insect Metcalfa pruinosa (citrus flatid planthopper) is able to transmit the fungus to other host plants. Since spinach and Tree of heaven had shown high susceptibility to V. nonalfalfae in previous tests, these two species were selected as host plants for the present research. At first, citrus flatid planthopper nymphs were collected to set up a conservation breeding for further research. Potted Trees of heaven were then stem inoculated using the V. nonalfalfae isolate Vert56. Followed by a latency of ten days, inoculated trees were placed in insect-proof net cages, each together with about 15 cicada nymphs. After four days of sucking activity on inoculated trees, additional Verticillium-free Trees of heaven and spinach plants were placed in the mentioned cages. In the following, inoculated trees were cut down in order to induce host change from those trees to the additionally added plants. Potential wilting symptoms on the additionally inserted plants were documented weekly after cicada removal using an established monitoring scheme. The monitoring results did not suggest a V. nonalfalfae infection on the later added A. altissima or spinach plants. Furthermore, genetic analyses using species specific primers, did neither detect the pathogen in cicada nor – apart from one exception – in the additionally inserted Verticillium-free plants. Besides, dilution series indicated that the used genetic method allowed to detect V. nonalfalfae in cicada at a lower limit of two conidia per microliter. Thus, it is very unlikely that the cicada M. pruinosa can transmit the pathogen to Verticililium-free plants.verfasst von Pascal Roberto RablMasterarbeit Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2023Mit englischer Zusammenfassun
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ist die Bläulingszikade (Metcalfa pruinosa) ein potenzieller Überträger des Welkepilzes Verticillium nonalfalfae?
No full textBisherige Untersuchungen in Europa und Nordamerika haben gezeigt, dass der Welkepilz Verticillium nonalfalfae zur biologischen Bekämpfung des invasiven Götterbaums (Ailanthus altissima) eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei ist jedoch sicherzustellen, dass das dafür eingesetzte Welkepilz-Isolat zu keinen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen an Nicht-Ziel-Organismen führt. In dieser Arbeit wurde geprüft, ob die polyphage Bläulingszikade (Metcalfa pruinosa) als saugendes Insekt diesen Pilz ggf. aufnehmen und an weitere Wirtspflanzen übertragen kann. Als Wirtspflanzen dienten Spinat und Götterbaum, welche sich in vorangegangenen Untersuchungen als hoch anfällig gegenüber V. nonalfalfae gezeigt haben. Zuerst wurde mit gesammelten Bläulingszikaden Nymphen eine Erhaltungszucht angelegt. Getopfte Götterbäume wurden dann mittels Stamminokulation mit dem V. nonalfalfae Isolat Vert56 infiziert und nach einer Latenzzeit von zehn Tagen zusammen mit ca. 15 Zikaden in Insekten-dichte Netzkäfige eingebracht. Nach vier Tagen Saugtätigkeit am inokulierten Götterbaum wurden zusätzlich Verticillium-freie Götterbäume oder Spinatpflanzen in die Käfige gestellt. Ein Kappen der inokulierten Götterbäume sollte den Wirtswechsel der Zikaden von den inokulierten Götterbäumen zu den nicht inokulierten Pflanzen initiieren. Letztere wurden nach dem Absammeln der Zikaden mittels eines etablierten Bonitur-Schemas wöchentlich auf die Ausbildung von Symptomen einer Verticillium-Welke beurteilt. Die Resultate dieser Bonitur sowie der genetischen Analysen mittels artspezifischer Primer, lassen darauf schließen, dass es weder zu einer Aufnahme des V. nonalfalfae Isolat Vert56 durch die Bläulingszikaden-Nymphen, noch – von einer Ausnahme abgesehen – zu einer Infektion der neu eingebrachten Verticillium-freien Pflanzen kam. Verdünnungsreihen haben zudem gezeigt, dass die angewandte genetische Analysemethode in der Lage ist, V. nonalfalfae in Zikadenproben bis hin zu einer Untergrenze von zwei Konidien/µl nachzuweisen.Current studies in Europe and North America showed that the wilt inducing fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae is a suitable control agent against the invasive Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). Therefore, it is important to ensure that the used isolate of the fungus has no negative impact on non-target organisms. This paper should elucidate, if the polyphagous, sap-feeding insect Metcalfa pruinosa (citrus flatid planthopper) is able to transmit the fungus to other host plants. Since spinach and Tree of heaven had shown high susceptibility to V. nonalfalfae in previous tests, these two species were selected as host plants for the present research. At first, citrus flatid planthopper nymphs were collected to set up a conservation breeding for further research. Potted Trees of heaven were then stem inoculated using the V. nonalfalfae isolate Vert56. Followed by a latency of ten days, inoculated trees were placed in insect-proof net cages, each together with about 15 cicada nymphs. After four days of sucking activity on inoculated trees, additional Verticillium-free Trees of heaven and spinach plants were placed in the mentioned cages. In the following, inoculated trees were cut down in order to induce host change from those trees to the additionally added plants. Potential wilting symptoms on the additionally inserted plants were documented weekly after cicada removal using an established monitoring scheme. The monitoring results did not suggest a V. nonalfalfae infection on the later added A. altissima or spinach plants. Furthermore, genetic analyses using species specific primers, did neither detect the pathogen in cicada nor – apart from one exception – in the additionally inserted Verticillium-free plants. Besides, dilution series indicated that the used genetic method allowed to detect V. nonalfalfae in cicada at a lower limit of two conidia per microliter. Thus, it is very unlikely that the cicada M. pruinosa can transmit the pathogen to Verticililium-free plants.verfasst von Pascal Roberto RablMasterarbeit Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2023Mit englischer Zusammenfassun
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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