38 research outputs found
Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world
No full text"Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world"Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a bard, theorist, government official, and in addition a scholastic, lawyer and researcher in British India who is broadly viewed as having propelled the Pakistan Movement. He is known as the “Spiritual father of Pakistan”. He is viewed as one of the greatest significant figures in Urdu literature, with legendary effort in both the Urdu as well as Persian dialects.The humanitarian ideal is always universal in poetry and philosophy; but if you make it an effective ideal and work it out in actual life, you must start, not with poets and philosophers, but with a society exclusive, in the sense of having a creed and a well-defined outline, but ever enlarging its limits by example andpersuasion. (Iqbal’s letter to Nicholson, in Hassan, The Sword and the Sceptre, p. 364.) He was born and brought up in the 20th century when the sun of the British Empire never set, and India was very much part of that Empire. Western imperialism was imposed on the east where our education, economy,politics, and society were overwhelmed by new ideology and beliefs. The society was overburdened with materialism as a result spiritualism had become a myth. In this environment Iqbal foster his philosophy.He in the history of world literature is the greatest poet of humanism. He has mentioned humanity in his poetry with so much love, care and affection, example of which is never found in the history. He was a great interpreter of humanism. Iqbal believed that to bring revolution in outer world it is necessary to transform inner world. At the outset one must be awakened then only there will be change in the world.Allama Iqbal developed his own philosophy after amalgamating the west with the east. He discussed the fundamental principles of Islam in the light of modern thought and scientific knowledge and made a searching analysis of its basis. Undoubtedly, he accepted divergent views expounded by the western philosophers and thinkers, but the soul of his philosophy lies in the Islam. He made a serious attempt at seizing the problems of modern western philosophy within an Islamic context. The idea behind Iqbal’s intellectual speculations was that the avaricious ideology of the West, coming down from nineteenth century observations of science, had failed mankind. Therefore, the spiritual philosophy of the East would come to the rescue of a divided humanity. According to Iqbal, the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century contaminated the West with excessive materialism and intoxicated with power, it lost its bearings andwent berserk. Hence imperialism, both in the form of Capitalism and that of communism, corrupted America as well as Europe. The mantra of Democracy put forward by both is hollow and deceptive. The concept of aggressive nationalism ruined humanitarianism. Otherwise, human progress could go beyond the stars. Therefore, a redirection of thought and action was immediately required. The positive and productive process, Iqbal concluded, would get underway in the East, inspired by a total view of Islam, as a way of life for the entire mankind. He, in this endeavour, was inspired by western thinkers like Nietzsche and Muslim spiritual teachers like Mohammad Ibn al Arabi and Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi. Mohammad Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) was a great Aref (Gnostic) and expounder of Wahdat Alwojud. His famous statement,“It is He who is revealed in every face, sought in every sign, gazed upon by every eye, worshipped in every object of worship, and pursued in the unseen and the visible.</div
Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world
No full text"Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world"Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a bard, theorist, government official, and in addition a scholastic, lawyer and researcher in British India who is broadly viewed as having propelled the Pakistan Movement. He is known as the “Spiritual father of Pakistan”. He is viewed as one of the greatest significant figures in Urdu literature, with legendary effort in both the Urdu as well as Persian dialects.The humanitarian ideal is always universal in poetry and philosophy; but if you make it an effective ideal and work it out in actual life, you must start, not with poets and philosophers, but with a society exclusive, in the sense of having a creed and a well-defined outline, but ever enlarging its limits by example andpersuasion. (Iqbal’s letter to Nicholson, in Hassan, The Sword and the Sceptre, p. 364.) He was born and brought up in the 20th century when the sun of the British Empire never set, and India was very much part of that Empire. Western imperialism was imposed on the east where our education, economy,politics, and society were overwhelmed by new ideology and beliefs. The society was overburdened with materialism as a result spiritualism had become a myth. In this environment Iqbal foster his philosophy.He in the history of world literature is the greatest poet of humanism. He has mentioned humanity in his poetry with so much love, care and affection, example of which is never found in the history. He was a great interpreter of humanism. Iqbal believed that to bring revolution in outer world it is necessary to transform inner world. At the outset one must be awakened then only there will be change in the world.Allama Iqbal developed his own philosophy after amalgamating the west with the east. He discussed the fundamental principles of Islam in the light of modern thought and scientific knowledge and made a searching analysis of its basis. Undoubtedly, he accepted divergent views expounded by the western philosophers and thinkers, but the soul of his philosophy lies in the Islam. He made a serious attempt at seizing the problems of modern western philosophy within an Islamic context. The idea behind Iqbal’s intellectual speculations was that the avaricious ideology of the West, coming down from nineteenth century observations of science, had failed mankind. Therefore, the spiritual philosophy of the East would come to the rescue of a divided humanity. According to Iqbal, the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century contaminated the West with excessive materialism and intoxicated with power, it lost its bearings andwent berserk. Hence imperialism, both in the form of Capitalism and that of communism, corrupted America as well as Europe. The mantra of Democracy put forward by both is hollow and deceptive. The concept of aggressive nationalism ruined humanitarianism. Otherwise, human progress could go beyond the stars. Therefore, a redirection of thought and action was immediately required. The positive and productive process, Iqbal concluded, would get underway in the East, inspired by a total view of Islam, as a way of life for the entire mankind. He, in this endeavour, was inspired by western thinkers like Nietzsche and Muslim spiritual teachers like Mohammad Ibn al Arabi and Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi. Mohammad Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) was a great Aref (Gnostic) and expounder of Wahdat Alwojud. His famous statement,“It is He who is revealed in every face, sought in every sign, gazed upon by every eye, worshipped in every object of worship, and pursued in the unseen and the visible.</div
Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world
No full text"Iqbal's Philosophy of Humanitarianism and the contemporary world"Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a bard, theorist, government official, and in addition a scholastic, lawyer and researcher in British India who is broadly viewed as having propelled the Pakistan Movement. He is known as the “Spiritual father of Pakistan”. He is viewed as one of the greatest significant figures in Urdu literature, with legendary effort in both the Urdu as well as Persian dialects.The humanitarian ideal is always universal in poetry and philosophy; but if you make it an effective ideal and work it out in actual life, you must start, not with poets and philosophers, but with a society exclusive, in the sense of having a creed and a well-defined outline, but ever enlarging its limits by example andpersuasion. (Iqbal’s letter to Nicholson, in Hassan, The Sword and the Sceptre, p. 364.) He was born and brought up in the 20th century when the sun of the British Empire never set, and India was very much part of that Empire. Western imperialism was imposed on the east where our education, economy,politics, and society were overwhelmed by new ideology and beliefs. The society was overburdened with materialism as a result spiritualism had become a myth. In this environment Iqbal foster his philosophy.He in the history of world literature is the greatest poet of humanism. He has mentioned humanity in his poetry with so much love, care and affection, example of which is never found in the history. He was a great interpreter of humanism. Iqbal believed that to bring revolution in outer world it is necessary to transform inner world. At the outset one must be awakened then only there will be change in the world.Allama Iqbal developed his own philosophy after amalgamating the west with the east. He discussed the fundamental principles of Islam in the light of modern thought and scientific knowledge and made a searching analysis of its basis. Undoubtedly, he accepted divergent views expounded by the western philosophers and thinkers, but the soul of his philosophy lies in the Islam. He made a serious attempt at seizing the problems of modern western philosophy within an Islamic context. The idea behind Iqbal’s intellectual speculations was that the avaricious ideology of the West, coming down from nineteenth century observations of science, had failed mankind. Therefore, the spiritual philosophy of the East would come to the rescue of a divided humanity. According to Iqbal, the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century contaminated the West with excessive materialism and intoxicated with power, it lost its bearings andwent berserk. Hence imperialism, both in the form of Capitalism and that of communism, corrupted America as well as Europe. The mantra of Democracy put forward by both is hollow and deceptive. The concept of aggressive nationalism ruined humanitarianism. Otherwise, human progress could go beyond the stars. Therefore, a redirection of thought and action was immediately required. The positive and productive process, Iqbal concluded, would get underway in the East, inspired by a total view of Islam, as a way of life for the entire mankind. He, in this endeavour, was inspired by western thinkers like Nietzsche and Muslim spiritual teachers like Mohammad Ibn al Arabi and Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi. Mohammad Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) was a great Aref (Gnostic) and expounder of Wahdat Alwojud. His famous statement,“It is He who is revealed in every face, sought in every sign, gazed upon by every eye, worshipped in every object of worship, and pursued in the unseen and the visible
Study of particle suspensions in microfluidics for the development of optical devices
No full textThe vision of this PhD research project is to create a microfluidic system for controlling the locations of suspended particles in order to form three dimensional (3D) objects on demand. To realize this, the author implemented a microfluidic system that can apply suitable and desired forces on particles on demand. Particles of various refractive indices were placed close to each other in order to form a media having reconfigurable and tuneable properties. Light was coupled into such well-controlled particles in order to form dynamically tuned objects suspended in liquid such as optical waveguides. The dielectrophoretic (DEP) force was used for manipulating the locations of particles as it is capable of focusing and scattering suspended particles from pre-determined locations. Additionally, when combined with hydrodynamic forces, the DEP force was able to form densely packed areas of such particles with non-turbulent boundaries. The research was implemented in three stages. In the first stage, the author utilized a platform consisting of a microfluidic system integrated with DEP microelectrodes, microfluidics and optical peripherals for the coupling of light. Light was directly coupled into densely packed silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles with diameters of 230 and 450 nm, respectively. Light was transmitted via the closely packed 230 nm particles and in contrast was significantly scattered by the 450 nm particles. The outcomes, which were resulted from this initial stage, were the first demonstration of a dynamically tuneable optical waveguide based on the DEP focused particles in microfluidics. In the second stage of his research, the author integrated a multi mode polymeric waveguide into the microfluidic system. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) and SiO2 particles with diameters of 80 and 450 nm were investigated. The findings demonstrated that the densely packed WO3 particles were able to couple light from the polymeric waveguide, while the SiO2 particles did not affect the transmission of the optical signals significantly. The investigations of the second stage platform resulted in the first demonstration of optical waveguide tuning based on DEP focused particles. Finally, in the third stage of this research, the author implemented a quasi single mode polymeric waveguide integrated with the microfluidics. The author used WO3, zinc oxide (ZnO) and SiO2 particles with diameters of 80, 50 and 72 nm, respectively. Under the DEP force, these particles were able to interact with the optical guided modes. The results show that the WO3 particles were capable of forming layers of packed particles with anti-resonant characteristics. In particular, the fundamental mode was strongly coupled to the packed WO3 particles. However, under certain particle focusing conditions, the first order mode was anti-resonant to the closely packed WO3 particles as it was largely isolated. These findings were the first demonstration of the coupling and manipulation of optical guided modes using DEP focused particles with resonant and anti-resonant behaviors
The role of cultural beliefs in contributing to risky road use behaviour in Pakistan
No full textBackground\ud
Pakistan has the highest population rate of road fatalities in South Asia (25.3 fatalities per 100,000 people: Global Status Report on Road Safety, WHO 2009). Along with road environment and vehicle factors, human factors make a substantial contribution to traffic safety in Pakistan. Beliefs about road crash causation and prevention have been demonstrated to contribute to risky road use behaviour and resistance to preventive measures in a handful of other developing countries, but has not been explored in Pakistan. In particular, fatalism (whether based on religion, other cultural beliefs or experience) has been highlighted as a barrier to achieving changes in attitudes and behaviour.\ud
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Aims\ud
The research reported here aimed (i) to explore perceptions of road crash causation among policy makers, police officers, professional drivers and car drivers in Pakistan; (ii) to identify how cultural and religious beliefs influence road use behaviour in Pakistan; and (iii) to understand how fatalistic beliefs may work as obstacles to road safety interventions.\ud
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Methods\ud
In-depth interviews were conducted by the primary author (mostly in Urdu) in Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad with 12 professional drivers (taxi, bus and truck), 4 car drivers, 6 police officers, 4 policy makers and 2 religious orators. All but two were Muslim, two were female, and they were drawn from a wide range of ages (24 to 60) and educational backgrounds. The interviews were taped and transcribed, then translated into English and analysed for themes related to the aims.\ud
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Results\ud
Fatalism emerged as a pervasive belief utilised to justify risky road use behaviour and to resist messages about preventive measures. There was a strong religious underpinning to the statement of fatalistic beliefs (this reflects popular conceptions of Islam rather than scholarly interpretations), but also an overlap with superstitious beliefs which have longer-standing roots in Pakistani culture. These beliefs were not limited to people of poor educational background or position. A particular issue which was explored in more detail was the way in which these beliefs and their interpretation within Pakistani society contributed to poor police reporting of crashes.\ud
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Discussion and conclusions\ud
The pervasive nature of fatalistic beliefs in Pakistan affects road user behaviour by supporting continued risk taking behaviour on the road, and by interfering with public health messages about behaviours which would reduce the risk of traffic crashes. The widespread influence of these beliefs on the ways that people respond to traffic crashes and the death of family members contribute to low crash reporting rates and to a system which is difficult to change. The promotion of an evidence-based approach to road user behaviour is recommended, along with improved professional education for police and policy makers.\u
The Impact of Perceived Threat of Pandemic Upon the Employee Retention in The Public and Private Hospitals
Full text link The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 upon the retention of doctors of twin cities'' hospitals of Pakistan. Two moderator’s compensation and training and development were assessed as moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. The model is tested on healthcare sector of Pakistan and the data was collected by the doctors of twin cities of Pakistan. A sample of 208 doctors was collected using random sampling technique. Sem-PLS software was used to analyze the statistics. Perceived Threat of COVID-19 have a positive significant impact on employee’s retention whereas compensation is negatively and significantly moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. Training and development are insignificantly moderating the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention. Doctors were found to be not intended to leave their hospitals in threat of COVID-19. Compensation was found to moderate the relation between the both variables, such that weakening the relationship. Training and development were found to be ineffective as a moderator in the relation of perceived threat of COVID-19 and employee retention
Load transfer from high-strength concrete columns through lower strength concrete slabs
No full textSix specimens were tested to investigate the effects on high strength concrete columns due to the presence of ordinary strength floor concrete layer in between. The specimens consisted of four sandwiched type of columns and two edge columns. The four columns, 55 in. long, had a 7 in. layer of floor concrete. These column specimens were designed to study the influence of longitudinal as well as lateral steel on the strength characteristics and behavior of the floor concrete. Two edge columns specimens consisted of two column sections separated by a 7 in. floor slab extending beyond the column faces in three directions. The data from these tests combined with the previously reported similar studies was analyzed to find the appropriate parameters for the estimation of the apparent strength of the floor concrete to be used in the calculation of load carrying capacity of columns. The analysis reveals that Sec. 10.13 of the ACI code is not based on the appropriate parameters. The allowable ratio of 1.4 between the two concrete strengths within which there is no requirement to reduce the column capacity is not considered appropriate. Similarly, the calculation of the apparent floor concrete strength in case of interior columns as per Sec. 10.13.3 was also found to be too unconservative.Mechanics of materials approach used for the analysis of the composite materials was applied for theoretical analysis of the problem. This approach with the use of the available test data lead to an expression for the calculation of the apparent floor concrete strength applicable to all kinds of columns in structures. A similar but simpler and more conservative expression was also devised purely on data analysis. These empirical relationships can be expressed asf\sbsp{cp}{\prime} = 2.0\ \lambda\sb{G}\ {f\sbsp{cc}{\prime}\ f\sbsp{cf}{\prime}\over f\sbsp{cc}{\prime} + f\sbsp{cf}{\prime}}The concrete strengths in the above equation are replaced by their square roots in the expression deduced from the mechanics of materials approach.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Thyroid cytology in Pakistan: An institutional audit of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category
No full textIntroduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), along with thyroid ultrasound, is an important tool in evaluation of thyroid nodules that helps in further management of these patients in making a decision of surgical intervention vs follow-up. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category III of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) has risk of malignancy (ROM) ranging from 5% to 15%. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of AUS/FLUS in thyroid gland FNACs and the surgical outcomes of these cases.Methods: The integrated laboratory management system retrieved the thyroid FNACs from 2010 to 2018 and subsequent surgical pathology specimens. For the AUS/FLUS cases, data regarding patient demographics, cytology and histological diagnoses were recorded. The results were tabulated as the overall frequency of AUS/FLUS in thyroid FNACs, cytohistological correlation (benign and malignant) and ROM.Results: Over a period of 9 years, 256 (10.9%) cases out of 2342 thyroid FNACs were reported as AUS/FLUS at our institution. Mean age was 43.5 years. The majority (70.3%) of patients were female. Seventy-two of 104 resection specimens (69.2%) were reported as benign and 32 cases (30.7%) had malignant diagnosis. Upper-bound ROM was 30.7% (32 cases with malignant diagnosis out of 104 resection specimens). Lower-bound ROM was calculated as 12.5% (32 cases with malignant diagnosis out of 256 total AUS diagnosis).Conclusion: The AUS/FLUS category of thyroid cytology and associated ROM remain an evolving area. Individual institutions should monitor the frequency and include ROM in the dashboard indicators to remain within the recommended range
Clear cell carcinoma of ovary with associated mucinous cystadenoma and endometriosis
Full text linkA 45 year old woman presented with right sided ovarian mass with multiple omental deposits and liver metastases. The right ovary was enlarged and showed a partly cystic partly solid cut surface. Histological picture showed clear cell carcinoma with areas of mucinous cystadenoma and endometriosis. Clear cell carcinoma is known to be associated with endometriosis. To the best of author\u27s knowledge, it\u27s association with mucinous cystadenoma has been described only once in the literature, where clear cell carcinoma was shown to be associated with mucinous cystadenoma without any evidence of endometriosis
