1,721,166 research outputs found
Gene expression of lung squamous cell carcinoma reflects mode of lymph node involvement
No full textTumour, node, metastasis staging is essential for lung cancer management. However, similarly staged cancers may have markedly different prognoses, indicating that stage cannot completely explain tumour behaviour. While ipsilateral hilar node involvement is designated N1, the current authors hypothesised that primary tumours involving nodes by direct extension are biologically distinct from those involving nodes through lymphatic metastasis. Microarrays were used to investigate the gene expression profiles of 59 primary lung squamous cell carcinomas, comparing NO tumours (n=35), N1 tumours by direct extension I n=8), and N1/N2 tumours by lymphatic metastasis (M1/N2m; n=16). Hierarchical clustering using 125 genes differentially expressed between NO and N1/N2m tumours found N1d tumours clustered with NO tumours. Class prediction modelling found the expression profiles of all eight N1d tumours were more similar to NO than to N1/N2m tumours. The present study demonstrates for the first time that N1 turnours directly invading hilar nodes are genomically different to those that metastasise via lymphatics. Independent reports suggest that tumours with direct, rather than metastatic node involvement have better outcomes. Consequently, the data suggest that there is a need to re-evaluate the N1 staging definition in lung cancer. This is relevant for prognosis prediction and also for clinical management, particularly in selecting those patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Managing skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD
No full textSkeletal muscle dysfunction is an important and independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic disease, including COPD. Management of skeletal muscle abnormalities starts with their detection in clinical practice. This can be performed relatively easily using maximum voluntary strength and/or endurance testing. Other techniques exist for the research setting. Prevention of skeletal muscle dysfunction starts in early disease by maintaining weight-bearing physical activity. Once skeletal muscle dysfunction is present, exercise training is the most effective way towards restoration. Pharmacotherapy is in its infancy and for most pharmacological interventions that may potentially enhance muscle function, it has been shown that they work only (or better) when administered in conjunction with an exercise stimulus. Depending on the action of the drug, such programmes may be geared towards resistance or endurance training. Large studies on pharmacological interventions in patients with muscle dysfunction and COPD are, unfortunately, still missing.status: Publishe
Difficult-to-treat asthma : mechanisms and risk factors
Full text linkAround 5-10% of patients with asthma do not respond adequately to inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators and become difficult-to-treat; they remain symptomatic, have recurrent exacerbations or persistent airflow limitation. This thesis focuses on the mechanisms that may explain why these patients become difficult-to-treat and investigate biomarkers that can predict the development of specific asthma phenotypes. The different studies describe the possible role of alpha- antitrypsin in the development of persistent airflow limitation, the relationship between severity of asthma and the degree of peripheral airway inflammation and dysfunction, the clinical and inflammatory characteristics of obese patients with difficult-to-treat asthma, risk factors of lung function decline and the consistency of the eosinophilic phenotypeUBL - phd migration 201
- …
