1,721,128 research outputs found
Clinical Psychopathology of Negative Symptoms: A Phenomenological Perspective
No full textNegative symptoms encompass a broad constellation of psycho-behavioral phenomena, including affective flattening, poverty of speech, alogia, avolition, social withdrawal, apathy and anhedonia. These phenomena obviously exert a substantial impact on personal autonomy, quality of life and broad functional outcomes, ultimately being an important challenge for clinical decision-making and therapeutic support. In recent years, the attention to negative symptoms in schizophrenia has revamped, boosting the development of new rating tools as well as a broader conceptualization of derivative constructs (e.g. apathy, amotivation, anhedonia). However, despite its behavioral expressivity, the in-depth phenotypic characterization of negative symptoms remains partly unaddressed. Similarly, their clinical intertwining with other non-productive clinical features (e.g. anomalous subjective experiences, cognitive-perceptual basic symptoms and schizotypal features) is generally overlooked. Therefore, the current presentation specifically offers a stratified overview of the phenomenology of negative symptoms filtered through lens of clinical psychopathology.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.</jats:sec
Diagnostic Procedures for Prediction of Psychosis - Achievements and Challenges
No full textIndividualized prognostic predictions in people at clinical high risk are crucial to tailor suitable interventions and personalized prevention. Furthermore, in recent years, the synergy between fast-pace technical sophistication in neuroscience (e.g. neuroimaging and neurophysiological) and novel bio-statistical tools (e.g. machine learning algorithms) has accelerated the development of more inclusive predictive models and magnified the potential for such individualized risk stratification enriching classical psychopathological tools. However, the clinical translation of such research insights is still circumscribed and, despite incremental optimization of assessment tools, increasingly accepted criteria to characterize at risk mental states and tumultuous advance in the field, the prediction of psychosis at such individual level remains a not fully accomplished target.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.</jats:sec
The silent side of the spectrum: Schizotypy and the schizotaxic self
No full textThe identification of individuals carrying unexpressed genetic liability to schizophrenia is crucial for both etiological research and clinical risk stratification. Subclinical psychopathological features detectable in the nonpsychotic part of the schizophrenia spectrum could improve the delineation of informative vulnerability phenotypes. Inspired by Meehl's schizotaxia- schizotypy heuristic model, we tested anomalous subjective experiences (self-disorders, SDs) as a candidate vulnerability phenotype in a sample of nonpsychotic, genetically high-risk subjects. A total of 218 unaffected members of 6 extended multiplex families (assessed between 1989 and 1999 during the Copenhagen Schizophrenia Linkage Study) were stratified into 4 groups of increasing psychopathological expressivity: no mental illness (NMI), no mental illness with schizotypal traits (NMI-ST), personality disorders not fulfilling other personality disorders (OPDs), and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). We tested the distribution of SDs among the subgroups, the effect of SDs on the risk of belonging to the different subgroups, and the effect of experimental grouping and concomitant psychopathology (ie, negative symptoms (NSs) and subpsychotic formal thought disorder [FTD]) on the chances of experiencing SDs. SDs distribution followed an incremental pattern from NMI to SPD. SDs were associated with a markedly increased risk of NMI-ST, OPDs, or SPD. The odds of SDs increased as a function of the diagnostic category assignment, independently of sociodemographics and concomitant subclinical psychopathology (NSs and FTD). The results support SDs as an expression of schizotaxic vulnerability and indicate a multidimensional model of schizotypy-characterized by SDs, NSs, FTD-as a promising heuristic construct to address liability phenotypes in genetically high-risk studies. © 2011 The Author
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No full textSchizotypal disorder: clinical salience of an ignored concept
No full textSchizotypal disorder: clinical salience of an ignored concep
Unworlding, perplexity and disorders of transpassibility: Between the experiential and the existential side of schizophrenic vulnerability
No full textClinical phenomenology of anomalous subjective experiences: a guide for the perplexed
No full textClinical phenomenology of anomalous subjective experiences: a guide for the perplexe
Overlooking the transition elephant in the ultra-high-risk room: are we missing functional equivalents of transition to psychosis?
No full textIn the wake of the almost quarter of a century since the conceptualization of ultra-high-risk (UHR) states for psychosis, empirical evidences in the field are constantly scrutinized and re-assessed through meta-analytic lens. Briefly, such scrutiny converges on three major evidences: pretest risk enrichment, risk hierarchy within UHR states, and declining transition rates. While the former two are intuitive, the dilution effect remains elusive and might be rather symptomatic of unsolved issues in the field. Those include the heterogeneously reported antipsychotic (AP) exposure in UHR samples and the almost univocal focus on purely psychometric transition to psychosis. Both issues lead to the neglect of functional equivalents of transition, i.e. that of a mental state at immediate need for AP medication, and might have a cascading confounding effect on the predictive value of contemporary risk calculators centered on criterial transition as a unique outcome
Subjective experience of personality dimensions in 1st degree relatives of schizophrenics
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