3,634 research outputs found
King Solomon in perspective : a response to Markus Raab0_FS_
No full textRéplique à la critique de Markus Raab déclarant qu'il avait échoué dans son explication de la prise de décision et prise de risque en spor
Importance of Instructions in Sport and Exercise Psychology
No full text© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Instructions are a fundamental tool of communication in sports, for example, for coaches and physical education teachers. In this chapter we analyze instructions in different settings from the perspective of sport and exercise psychology. Traditionally, sport-psychology instructions have been written for experts and novices. The application of sport psychology in schools or in physical education has been less well covered and needs to be looked at, as well. Furthermore, with well-formulated instructions it is possible to achieve supportive effects in health behavior. One of the main aims of this chapter is to present an overview of studies in (1) motor learning with competitive athletes and novices, (2) physical education, and (3) health. We focus on examples from our own research to explore whether implicit and explicit instructions have different effects on performance and movement patterns. These findings extend the literature by accentuating the role of implicit learning for novices and pupils and in areas of health, as well as explicit learning for experts
The bidirectional links between decision-making, perception and action
No full textIn different scientific disciplines, decision making is studied by examining how options are perceived or generated in isolated situations. In this chapter we explore the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding option perception within human behavior. As a consequence of the contributions from different disciplines, we present a framework that describes the bidirectional links between decision making, perception, and action. We will argue that, given their interdependency, the study of decision making profits greatly from a more integrated view of the situations it studies. The framework also illustrates how constraints may influence these bidirectional links. Finally, we use this framework to convey new ideas for experimental paradigms, data interpretation, and applications. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Informatics in Radiology: Use of a C-Arm Fluoroscopy Simulator to Support Training in Intraoperative Radiography
No full textMobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) are used frequently in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery, especially in trauma and emergency settings, but image quality and radiation exposure levels may vary widely, depending on the extent of the C-arm operator's knowledge and experience. Current training programs consist mainly of theoretical instruction in C-arm operation, the physical foundations of radiography, and radiation avoidance, and are largely lacking in hands-on application. A computer-based simulation program such as that tested by the authors may be one way to improve the effectiveness of C-arm training. In computer simulations of various scenarios commonly encountered in the operating room, trainees using the virtX program interact with three-dimensional models to test their knowledge base and improve their skill levels. Radiographs showing the simulated patient anatomy and surgical implants are "reconstructed" from data computed on the basis of the trainee's positioning of models of a C-arm, patient, and table, and are displayed in real time on the desktop monitor. Trainee performance is signaled in real time by color graphics in several control panels and, on completion of the exercise, is compared in detail with the performance of an expert operator. Testing of this computer-based training program in continuing medical education courses for operating room personnel showed an improvement in the overall understanding of underlying principles of intraoperative radiography performed with a C-arm, with resultant higher image quality, lower overall radiation exposure, and greater time efficiency. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.313105125/-/DC1. (C) RSNA, 2011 . radiographics.rsna.or
The organisation of action in complex neurobiological systems
No full textThis chapter elucidates key ideas behind neurocomputational and ecological dynamics and perspectives of understanding the organisation of action in complex neurobiological systems. The need to study the close link between neurobiological systems and their environments (particularly their sensory and movement subsystems and the surrounding energy sources) is advocated. It is proposed how degeneracy in complex neurobiological systems provides the basis for functional variability in organisation of action. In such systems processes of cognition and action facilitate the specific interactions of each performer with particular task and environmental constraints
Increasing stochastic perturbations enhances acquisition and learning of complex sport movements
No full textTraditionally, the aquisition of skills and sport movement has been characterised by numerous repetitions of presumed model movement pattern to be acquired by learners. This approach has been questioned by research identifying the presence of individualised movement patterns and the low probability of occurrence of two identical movements within and between individuals. In contrast, the differential learning approach claims advantage for incurring variability in the learning process by adding stochastic perturbations during practice. These ideas are exemplified by data from a high jump experiment which compared the effectiveness of classical and a differential training approach with pre-post test design. Results showed clear advantages for the group with additional stochastic perturbation during the aquisition phase in comparison to classically trained athletes. Analogies to similar phenomenological effects in the neurobiological literature are discussed
Sport and Exercise Psychology Research: From Theory to Practice
No full text© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Sport and Exercise Psychology Research: From Theory to Practice provides a comprehensive summary of new research in sport and exercise psychology from worldwide researchers. Encompassing theory, research, and applications, the book is split into several themed sections. Section 1 discusses basic antecedents to performance including fitness, practice, emotion, team dynamics, and more. Section 2 identifies factors influencing individual performance. Section 3 discusses applied sport psychology for athletes and coaches, and section 4 includes approaches from exercise psychology on motivation and well-being. The book includes a mix of award winning researchers from the European Sport Psychology Association, along with top researchers from the U.S. to bring an international overview to sport psychology. Includes international contributions from Europe and the U.S. Encompasses theory, research, and applications. Includes sport psychology and exercise research. Features applied information for use with coaches, teams, and elite athletes. Identifies performance enhancers and inhibitors
Evidence based leadership
No full textAuthor Markus PodduikinMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit gesperr
Preface in Performance psychology: perception, action, cognition, and emotion
No full textThe scope of this book is to present a unique collective volume written by experts, with the aims of providing a scientific guide to the field of performance psychology with a focus on research from multiple disciplines and domains and synthesizing these perspectives to form a foundation for future theoretical, empirical, and applied developments
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