1,721,055 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dynamic study for a definition of innovative armor steels against explosions
No full textLe travail de thèse de doctorat porte sur une étude complète du comportement dynamique de trois aciers de blindage soumis à des impacts balistiques. Dans un premier temps, afin de comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu pendant la perforation de cibles fines, des essais de caractérisation du comportement thermo-viscoplastique et de rupture ont été réalisés. Les paramètres des lois de comportement et des critères de rupture ont été identifiés pour alimenter un modèle numérique simulant l'essai de perforation. La réponse des cibles impactées par des projectiles coniques a ensuite été évaluée à l'aide d'essais de perforation. Grâce à cette étude, il est possible de valider l'implémentation des lois et des critères réalisée dans des codes de calcul. Un dispositif de mesure des efforts d'impact et de perforation a donc été développé au cours de la thèse. Il fût montré que la mesure des efforts ainsi obtenue n'est pas intrinsèque au matériau impacté mais qu'elle dépend de la réponse globale du dispositif support-cible. Les résultats numériques issus de l’analyse par la méthode des éléments finis (MEF) ont été comparés aux résultats expérimentaux. Il a été observé un bon accord en terme de courbes balistiques, de modes de rupture, d’efforts dynamiques et de bilan énergétique. La modélisation numérique montre que seule une description précise du comportement mécanique des matériaux et de la rupture permet d'avoir une bonne représentation des performances balistiques des aciers étudiés. Une attention toute particulière a été portée sur l’influence de la tri-axialité des contraintes locales initiée par la forme de l’impactant, de la vitesse de déformation et de la température sur le seuil de déformation à la rupture. En perspective, les résultats issus de cette étude pourront servir dans l'analyse de la réponse des aciers de blindage sous chargements par explosifThe main aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a comprehensive study of the dynamic behavior of three armor steels subjected to ballistic impact. In order to have better understanding of the phenomena which take place during the thin targets perforation process, characterization experiments allowing to describe of the thermo-viscoplastic behavior and fracture were carried out. The identification of the constitutive relations and the failure criteria parameters allow to establish a numerical model simulating the perforation test. The ballistic response of armor steels subjected to the impact of conical projectiles was then assessed using perforation testing. This experimental investigation aims at endorsing the implementation of the behavior and fracture models in the calculation software. An experimental set-up for perforation forces measurements was specially developed during the thesis. It has been found that this dynamic force measurement is not intrinsic to the target material. It is rather dependent on the structural response of the used set-up support-target during impact and perforation. The numerical results from the Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) were compared to the experimental data and good agreement was found in terms of ballistic curves, failure patterns, impact forces and energy balance. Numerical investigations show that only an accurate description of the mechanical behavior and the fracture allows a good prediction of the ballistic performances of armor steels. Close attention was paid to the influence of local stress triaxiality induced by the projectile nose shape, strain rate and temperature on the strain to fracture threshold. In the future, these investigations can be used in the behavior analysis of armor steels subjected to blast loadin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Analysis of the plastic prestrain on crash properties of a crash-box by constitutive modeling, experimental and numerical approaches
No full textPréserver l’intégrité des occupants d’un véhicule lors d’un accident constitue un enjeu majeur pour les constructeurs automobiles depuis de nombreuses années. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’effet de la pré-déformation plastique sur la tenue au crash d’une structure de type crash-box. L’histoire du chargement est composée de deux phases. La première est le processus de mise en forme qui est généralement réalisé sous chargement quasi-statique. La seconde phase est caractérisée par un évènement de type crash. Le comportement de trois aciers fréquemment utilisés dans l’industrie automobile a été étudié (BH260, DP600, TRIP800). Des essais en traction uni-axiale ont permis de mettre en évidence l’effet d’un pré-chargement quasi-statique sur la réponse en rechargement dynamique. Une large campagne expérimentale d’écrasement de structures a par ailleurs révélé que le processus de pré-déformation a un effet bénéfique sur la tenue au crash malgré la réduction de l’épaisseur des structures. Deux modèles phénoménologiques sont ensuite proposés pour décrire les effets d’écrouissage et de sensibilité à la vitesse de déformation des métaux. Les prédictions des modèles montrent une très bonne correspondance avec les données expérimentales dans une large gamme de vitesse de déformation et les effets d’histoire de vitesse de déformation peuvent être très bien pris en compte par l’un des modèles. Enfin, une démarche numérique de couplage emboutissage-crash est présentée où les variables calculées lors de la mise en forme (contraintes résiduelles, déformation plastique équivalente, épaisseur finale) sont prises en compte lors de l’écrasement sous chargement dynamiqueTo preserve the integrity of vehicle passengers during a crash constitutes a major goal for the automotive manufacturers since many years. The aim of this Ph-D thesis is to analyze the effect of a plastic prestrain on crash properties of a crash-box structure. The loading history is composed of at least two phases. The first phase is the forming process, in general under quasi-static conditions. The subsequent loading is due to a crash event. The behavior of three steels frequently used in the automotive industry has been studied (BH260, DP600, TRIP800). The experimental characterization of the steels shows the effect of a quasi-static prestrain on subsequent dynamic tensile curves. In addition, a large experimental crushing campaign of structures revealed that the prestrain process improves the crash behavior despite a reduction of the wall thickness. Two phenomenological models are then proposed to describe the strain-hardening effects and strain-rate sensitivity of metals. The model predictions show a very good agreement with experimental results for a wide range of strain-rate. Strain-rate history effects are well accounted for by one of the models. Finally, a numerical approach is performed where the variables calculated during the stamping (residual stress, equivalent plastic deformation, final thickness) are taken into account during the crash simulation under dynamic loadin
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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