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Adjudication of public policies: treatment of existential minimum, reservation of the possible and reasonability in Brazilian jurisprudence
No full textEsta pesquisa tem como objeto a análise da doutrina e da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo (TJ-SP) e do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (TJ-RS) em relação ao controle de políticas públicas exercido pelo Poder Judiciário, na expectativa de sistematizar os argumentos mais recorrentes dos juristas e dos magistrados nos referidos órgãos judicantes. Em especial, a dissertação busca identificar como é utilizada a tensão entre os critérios decorrentes dos conceitos mínimo existencial, reserva do possível e razoabilidade. Diante da atualidade e relevância do tema, a pesquisa deparou-se com alguns problemas jurídicos passíveis de investigação: (i). Como as decisões dos tribunais estudados lidam com o dilema entre a escassez de recursos e a eficácia dos direitos fundamentais sociais? (ii). As decisões utilizam-se dos conceitos de mínimo existencial, reserva do possível e razoabilidade? (iii). Se sim, como esses conceitos são aplicados? Nos termos da ADPF 45 ou de outra forma? Essa decisão é, de fato, um precedente? (iv). Quais as consequências da aplicação desses conceitos nos julgados? Eles acarretam na procedência ou improcedência da ação? (v). Nas decisões analisadas, como o Judiciário vê-se seu próprio papel no controle e implementação das políticas públicas? A tendência é de autocontenção judicial ou de intervenção? (vi). As decisões são coesas entre si ou divergentes na fundamentação? (vi) O conteúdo das decisões aproxima-se ou afasta-se do conteúdo do PL 8058/14? A aprovação do Projeto é conveniente? Diante dessas questões, algumas hipóteses foram formuladas para serem testadas: (a). As decisões dos tribunais estudados, por vezes, utilizam-se dos critérios de racionalização do controle judicial trazidos pela doutrina e pela ADPF 45, todavia esses conceitos jurídicos indeterminados não são devidamente fundamentados, especialmente em conjunto com os fatos concretos da causa; (b). Em geral, as decisões entendem que a reserva do possível não pode ser oposta ao mínimo existencial, pois acarretaria na violação da dignidade da pessoa humana e na ineficácia das normas constitucionais; (c) Em geral, as decisões entendem que se o mínimo existencial está sendo violado, a ação ou omissão da Administração é irrazoável, logo o pedido é razoável; (d). A ADPF 45 pode ser entendida como leading case, ao menos para as decisões do STF e do STJ, que costumam citá-la em suas decisões, contudo isso não acontece com tanta frequência nos tribunais inferiores; (e) A jurisprudência é coesa para conferir o pedido ao autor da ação, especialmente em caso de violação do direito à saúde e à educação infantil; (f). O Judiciário entende que está autorizado a intervir no caso de ações ou omissões inconstitucionais dos demais poderes para implementar ou corrigir políticas públicas; (g). Certas alterações legislativas propostas pelo PL 8058/14 não são utilizadas nas decisões, pois, em geral, os fatos que envolvem a causa e a situação da política pública não são exaustivamente debatidos, e certas decisões concedem prestações em processos individuais que extrapolam o mínimo existencial, o que justificaria a aprovação do Projeto de Lei. Ao final, a pesquisa concluiu que as hipóteses foram confirmadas.The objective of this research is to analyze the doctrine and jurisprudence of STF, STJ, TJSP and Rio Grande do Sul (TJ-RS) in relation to the judicial control of the public policies, in the expectation of systematizing the most recurrent arguments of jurists and magistrates in these judicial courts. In particular, the dissertation seeks to identify how the criteria of existential minimum, reserve of the possible and reasonability is used. Given the relevance of the theme, the research found some legal problems that could be investigated: (i). How do the decisions of the courts deal with the dilemma between scarce resources and the effectiveness of fundamental social rights? (ii). Do the decisions use the concepts of existential minimum, reserve of the possible and reasonabilty? (iii). If so, how are these concepts applied? Like the ADPF 45 or otherwise? Is this decision, in fact, a precedent? (iv). What are the consequences of applying these concepts to judgments? (v). In the decisions analyzed, how does the Judiciary see its own role in the control and implementation of public policies? Is there a tendency for judicial self-restraint or judicial intervention? (v). Are decisions consistent or divergent? (vi). Do the content of the decisions approximate or deviate from the content of Project of Law 8058/14? Is the project approval convenient? Some hypotheses have been formulated to be tested: (a). The judgments of the courts sometimes use the rationalization criteria for judicial control introduced by the doctrine and the ADPF 45 but these undetermined legal concepts are not properly justified, especially in conjunction with the facts of the case; (b). In general, the decisions understand that the reservation of the possible cannot be opposed to the existential minimum, since it would imply violation of the dignity of the human person and ineffectiveness of the constitutional norms; (c). In general, the decisions understand that if the existential minimum is being violated, the action or omission of the Administration is not reasonable, therefore the request is reasonable; (d). ADPF 45 can be understood as a leading case, at least for the decisions of the STF and STJ, which are often cited in their decisions, but this is not frequent in lower courts; (e). The decision are consistent in granting the claim to the author of the action, especially in cases of violation of the right to health and the education of children; (f). The Judiciary understands that it is authorized to intervene in the case of unconstitutional acts or omissions of other Powers to implement or correct public policies; (g). Some legislative changes proposed by PL 8058/14 are not used in decisions since, in general, the facts surrounding the cause and the public policy are not discussed in detail, and certain decisions confer benefits in individual cases that go beyond existential minimum, which would justify the approval of the bill. In the end, the research concluded that the hypotheses were confirmed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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