1,721,146 research outputs found
Suites of root traits differ between annual and perennial species growing in the field
Get PDF• Here, we tested whether root traits associated with resource acquisition and conservation differed between life histories (annuals, perennials) and families (Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae).
• Root topology, morphology, chemistry and mycorrhizal colonization were measured on whole root systems of 18 field-grown herbaceous species grown and harvested in central Argentina.
• Annuals differed from perennials in several root traits important in resource uptake and conservation. They exhibited higher specific root length (SRL), root nitrogen concentration (RNC) and mycorrhizal colonization but had lower root tissue density (RTD) than perennials. They did not differ in topology or construction cost. These differences were consistent among families. Families differed only in a few root traits known to be strongly associated with certain lineages such as topology and nitrogen concentration. There was a strong parallel between root traits and analogous leaf traits described in the literature for annuals and perennials.
• Our results suggest the existence at the root level of an acquisitive vs conservative syndrome consistent among families similar to that previously reported for above-ground traits.Fil: Roumet, Catherine. Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; FranciaFil: Urcelay, Roberto Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Impact of root traits on components of carbon storage : from species to community functioning
No full textL'objectif principal de cette thèse est de comprendre l'impact de la diversité des racines fines sur les composantes du stockage de carbone à différents niveaux d'organisation. Nous avons fait l'hypothèse que les traits des racines fines, mesurés au niveau de l'espèce ou de la communauté, influencent trois processus majeurs liés aux entrées et sorties de C dans le sol : la production, la respiration et la décomposition racinaires et ont ainsi des conséquences sur les stocks de C du sol. Nos résultats montrent que les traits fonctionnels racinaires sont de bons proxys des processus de décomposition et de respiration au niveau de l'espèce. Un compromis de gestion de la ressource carbonée a été mis en évidence entre des espèces caractérisées par de fortes densités racinaires et de forts ratio C/N ou lignine/N qui ont de faible vitesse de respiration et de décomposition et celles caractérisées par de fortes longueurs spécifiques racinaires et teneurs en azote, qui ont un métabolisme rapide. Au niveau de la communauté, ce schéma n'est pas vérifié. La décomposition d'un mélange racinaire ne peut pas être prédite à partir de la décomposition des espèces qui le composent ou des traits du mélange. Les variations de stocks de carbone dans le sol sont expliqués par la quantité et la productivité des racines mais pas par leur qualité ou le turnover. Ces travaux ont révélé la difficulté d'extrapoler les résultats trouvés au niveau de l'espèce, au niveau de communautés in situ pour prédire le fonctionnement de l'écosystème.The main objective of this thesis is to understand the impact of fine root functional diversity on carbon storage components at different levels of organization. We hypothesized that fine root traits, measured at the species and community levels, influence three major processes of carbon inputs and outputs : root production, respiration and decomposition and thus have consequences on soil carbon stocks. Ours results show that root functional traits are good proxies of processes of decomposition and respiration at the species level. A carbon resource trade-off exist between species characterized by high root tissue density, C/N and lignin/N ratio with a low rate of respiration and decomposition and those characterized by high specific root length and nitrogen content with a rapid metabolism. At the community level, this scheme is not confirmed. Root mixture decomposition is not predicted by decomposition of species composing it or by root traits. Variations of soil carbon stocks are explained by root quantity and productivity but not by their quality or turnover. Those studies revealed the difficulty to scale up results found at the species level to the community level to predict ecosystem functioning
Effet indirect des traits fonctionnels et de la composition floristique des activités de la communauté microbienne en prairies méditerranéennes : approche spatiale et temporelle
No full textIl est de plus en plus admis que pour comprendre le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, une approche aérienne associée à une approche souterraine est nécessaire en raison des rétroactions entre plantes et sol. La structure des communautés végétales peut affecter le fonctionnement du sol en altérant la quantité et la qualité des ressources intégrant le sol. Les contrôles abiotiques des processus microbiens du sol sont largement documentés, mais les potentiels effets de la composition de la communauté végétale et des traits racinaires sont peu connus. L'étude a été menée sur des prairies méditerranéennes du sud de la France. Nous avons sélectionné 12 communautés contrastées le long d'un gradient de disponibilité des ressources du sol principalement lié à la texture du sol. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d'évaluer i) la réponse de la composition floristique et des traits foliaires et racinaires mesurés au niveau de la communauté le long gradient édaphique et à travers les saisons, et ii) leurs effets sur trois processus microbiens du sol impliqués dans les cycles du carbone (C) et de l'azote (N) : la respiration potentielle (SIR), la nitrification (NEA) et la dénitrification (DEA). Dans les sols sableux (parcelles peu productives), la communauté végétale possède une stratégie de conservation au niveau des feuilles et une stratégie d'acquisition des ressources au niveau des racines suggérant une forte plasticité des traits racinaires en réponse à la limitation des ressources ; les taux de SIR et NEA sont élevés. Un patron opposé est observé dans les sols argileux des milieux productifs. La DEA ne varie pas le long du gradient. Aucun effet de la richesse spécifique, de l'équitabilité ou de la biomasse végétale sur la SIR ou la NEA n'a été trouvé. Cependant, nous avons démontré qu'il y a une forte influence de la composition fonctionnelle des communautés végétales (abondance des graminoïdes), et surtout des traits racinaires. Nos résultats les plus novateurs montrent que la NEA et dans une moindre mesure la SIR sont positivement corrélés à la concentration en N des racines de la communauté et négativement corrélés à leur ratio C/N, tandis que les traits foliaires analogues ont seulement un effet mineur sur les activités microbiennes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la qualité chimique des racines est le principal pilote des activités du sol et que cela est maintenu à travers les saisons. D'importantes variations saisonnières de la composition floristique des communautés, de leurs traits racinaires et des activités microbiennes, excepté la DEA, ont été mises en avant. Les variations saisonnières des traits racinaires sont interprétées comme un changement relatif de la proportion de racines jeunes/vieilles et suggèrent une asynchronie entre la croissance aérienne et souterraine. Pour la première fois, nous montrons qu'en conditions naturelles, les changements saisonniers des traits fonctionnels racinaires peuvent être impliqués dans le pilotage de la NEA et de la SIR. Ce résultat démontre la nécessité d'études plus approfondies pour comprendre le rôle des traits racinaires comme pilote du fonctionnement du sol.It is increasingly recognized that the understanding of ecosystem functioning requires a combined above- and belowground approach, because of the importance of feedbacks between plants and soil. Plant community structure may affect soil functioning by altering the quantity and the quality of resources entering the soil. Abiotic controls on soil microbial processes are well documented, but potential effects of plant composition and root traits are poorly understood. The study was conducted in Mediterranean grasslands located in southern France. We selected 12 contrasting communities along a gradient of soil resource availability, which is mainly driven by soil texture. The aims of the thesis were to evaluate: i) the response of plant composition and leaf and root traits measured at the community level along the soil gradient and across seasons, ii) their effect on three soil microbial processes involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, i.e. substrate-induced respiration (SIR), nitrifying (NEA) and denitrifying enzyme activities (DEA). In sandy soils (unproductive plots) plant communities had a conservation strategy at the leaf level and an acquisitive strategy at the root level suggesting a strong plasticity of root traits in response to resource limitation; rates of SIR and NEA were higher. Opposite pattern was observed in clay productive soils. DEA did not vary along the gradient. We did not find evidence of a species richness, evenness, or plant biomass effect on SIR and NEA. However, we demonstrated that they were strongly influenced by plant functional composition (abundance of graminoids), and particularly by root traits. Our most innovative finding evidences that NEA, and to a lesser extent SIR, were positively correlated with root nitrogen (N) concentration and negatively correlated with C/Ncom, whereas analogous leaf traits have only minor effect on microbial activities. Our results suggested that the chemical quality of roots is the main driver of soil activities and this was confirmed across the seasons. We highlight strong seasonal variations in plant community composition, root traits and soil microbial activity, except DEA. Seasonal variations in root traits were interpreted as a relative change in the proportion of young versus old roots and suggested an asynchrony between above– and belowground growth. We showed for the first time evidences that in natural conditions, seasonal changes in root functional traits could be implicated in driving NEA and SIR. This result demonstrates the need to further develop studies allowing a better understanding of the role of root traits as soil functioning drivers
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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