1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development by PECVD of phosphonic acid-type proton conductive membranes for hydrogen production by water (photo-)electrolysis
No full textLe but de ces travaux était de développer des membranes conductrices protoniques de type phosphonique par PECVD radio-fréquence en décharges continue et pulsée à partir du mono-précurseur diméthyl allylphosphonate. De telles membranes sont pressenties comme pouvant avantageusement remplacer la membrane Nafion® ou les membranes conventionnelles de type sulfonique ou phosphonique classiquement utilisées dans les dispositifs piles à combustible ou électrolyseur de type PEM. Ainsi, une étude paramétrique visant à établir des corrélations entre les propriétés des films et les paramètres de dépôt a été menée. Il ressort de cette étude paramétrique que l’utilisation d’une décharge pulsée est favorable à une vitesse de croissance plus élevée et une densité des films plus faible que le mode de décharge continue, favorisant ainsi la conduction protonique. Nous avons également démontré que les dépôts réalisés en mode de décharge pulsée présentent de meilleures capacités de sorption et de rétention d’eau, ce qui est bénéfique pour l’application visée qui est la (photo-)électrolyse de l’eau. Par ailleurs toutes les membranes phosphoniques plasma préparées sont stables d’un point de vue rétention d’eau et réseau covalent jusqu’à au moins 250 °C, ce qui garantit leur utilisation dans des systèmes pouvant fonctionner jusqu’à 120 °C. Par la suite, les membranes phosphoniques plasma ont été intégrées en cellule d’électrolyse de l’eau, associées au Nafion® en tant qu’électrolyte. Les caractérisations électrochimiques en cellule ont montré que les membranes phosphoniques plasma sont suffisamment compétitives pour être envisagées dans le futur comme électrolytes solides à part entière dans des AME « tout solide ».The purpose of this work was to develop phosphonic-type proton conductive membranes by radio-frequency PECVD in a continuous or pulsed discharge from the single precursor dimethyl allylphosphonate. Such membranes could advantageously replace the Nafion® membrane or conventional sulfonic-type or phosphonic acid-type membranes, more classically used in PEM fuel cells and electrolysis devices. A parametric study was carried out in order to establish correlations between the properties of the films and the deposition parameters. It appears that the use of a pulsed discharge promotes better films properties, namely higher growth rate and lower density, than the continuous discharge, thus promoting proton conduction. It was also noticed that the deposits prepared in a pulsed discharge have the highest sorption and water retention capacities, which is particularly beneficial for the intended application i.e. the (photo-) electrolysis of water. Furthermore, all the plasma phosphonic membranes prepared are stable in terms of water retention and covalent network up to at least 250 °C, which ensures their use in systems able to operate up to 120 °C. Subsequently the plasma phosphonic membranes, deposited on the Nafion® as mechanical support, were integrated as electrolyte membrane into a water electrolysis cell. It turns out that plasma phosphonic membranes are competitive enough to be envisaged in the future as integral solid electrolytes in solid membrane-electrodes assemblies
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Silicon carbonitride PECVD membranes permselective to H2
No full textLe but de ces travaux était de développer des membranes non oxydes a-SiCxNy:H par PECVD, permsélectives à H2 et avec une bonne stabilité hydrothermale jusqu’à 400° C, afin d’envisager la mise au point d’un module membranaire s’intégrant dans une chaîne de purification de l’hydrogène. Des dépôts ont été réalisés dans deux types de réacteurs PECVD basse-fréquence (BF) et micro-ondes (MO), en utilisant les précurseurs HMDSN et NH3, et l’argon en tant que gaz vecteur. Dans un premier temps, différentes conditions de synthèse ont été étudiées afin d’obtenir une riche variété de matériaux déposés en couche mince soit sur silicium monocristallin (pour caractérisations physico-chimiques), soit sur supports mésoporeux plans (pour caractérisation du transport de gaz). Dans le réacteur BF, les paramètres tels que la température (25 - 300° C) et la pression en NH3 (0 - 0,4 mbar) lors de la synthèse ont été étudiés. En réacteur MO, ces études ont été complétées par la variation de la puissance (100 – 200W). L’influence de ces paramètres sur structure microporeuse des matériaux a été prouvée, et des corrélations avec les performances des membranes pour la séparation d’hydrogène ont été établies. Pour les deux types de réacteurs, un comportement de tamis moléculaire avec un bon compromis entre perméance et sélectivité pour He a été démontré. Dans un second temps, les travaux se sont tournés vers un transfert de la technologie vers l’industrie a été considéré en deux étapes. La première étape du transfert a été de remplacer les gaz purs (He, N2, CO2) par un mélange gazeux (H2/CO/CO2/CH4) sec ou sous atmosphère humide, en conservant la géométrie plane pour les supports. Les résultats prouvent que, malgré une légère diminution de la perméance pour les gaz de petites tailles inhérent au remplacement de He par H2, les membranes restent efficaces pour la séparation de H2. De plus, la présence d’humidité à 150° C semble augmenter les performances et prouve la stabilité hydrothermale des membranes à cette température. La seconde étape du transfert concerne le passage d’une géométrie de substrat plane à tubulaire avec dépôt des membranes PECVD sur la surface externe des supports tubulaires. Les résultats montrent que la qualité de surface de ces substrats est principalement responsable de la diminution des performances des membranes, même si la stabilité hydrothermale semble être conservée.The aim of this work was to develop innovative a-SiCxNy:H membranes prepared by PECVD, with good selectivity for gas with small kinetic diameters (H2/He) and with good hydrothermal stability. For this purpose, membrane depositions were carried out in two types of reactors (low frequency LF and microwave MW) using both HMDSN and NH3 as precursors and argon as a carrier gas. First, different synthesis conditions were investigated in order to obtain a large range of materials deposited as thin layers on monocrystalline silicon (for physicochemical characterizations) and mesoporous planar substrates (for membrane characterization). In the LF reactor, parameters such as deposition temperature and NH3 pressure during the synthesis were studied. In MW reactor, these studies were supplemented by the change of electric power applied to the plasma. The influence of these parameters on the microporous structure of the materials has been proven, and correlations with the membranes ability to selectively permeate hydrogen have been established. For both types of reactors, a molecular sieving behavior was obtained with the following performance: single gas He permeance > 10-7 mol.m-2.s-1.Pa-1 and He/CO2 ideal selectivity = 50 at 400°C. Secondly, the first steps for a transfer of this lab scale technology towards industry are investigated. At first, single gas (He, N2 and CO2) were replaced by a gas mixture containing H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 for studying separation factors both in dry and wet conditions, while keeping a planar mesoporous substrate. The results showed that, despite a slight decrease in H2 permselectivity, the membrane was still a good candidate for this purpose. In addition, the presence of moisture at 150°C seemed to slightly increase performance and proved the hydrothermal stability of the membrane at this temperature. The second step corresponds to the transfer from planar to tubular geometry, with the PECVD membranes deposited on the outer surface of the tubes. The results showed that the geometric stresses and the possible mesoscopic defects of these substrates greatly reduced the H2 selectivity of the deposited a-SiCxNy:H membrane materials, although their molecular sieving behavior and thermal stability at 400°C were kept
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
