1,721,077 research outputs found
La « gazailhe », indicateur socio-économique en région d'élevage : l'exemple de la Balongue de 1661 à 1690
No full textBei einer gründlichen Untersuchung notarieller Urkunden konnte etwas entdeckt werden, das zur Kenntnis des Lebens in der Bergwelt der Pyrenäen wesentlich ist : die « gazailhe», eine Form der verwahrenden Unterbringung des Viehs. Aufgrund dieses Verfahrens karn es bei den Eigentümern großer Viehbestände auch zu umfangreichen Spekulationen. In Verbindung mit anderen Quellen bringt die Untersuchung der verschiedenen juristischen Aspekte sowie die sozio-ökonomische Analyse der vertragschließenden Parteien wertvolle Auskünfte über das Landleben in einem Pyrenäental ans Licht.Тщательное изучение нотариальных актов позволили осветить существенное звено йиринейского скотоводства.- особую форму сдачи скота на откорм. Этот обычай является также поддержкой спекуляции крупных скотоводов. Анализ различных юридических аспектов сдачи в совокупности с другими документами и социально экономическое рассмотрение обеих сторон дает ценные сведенья о деревенской жизни в одной из Пиринейских долин.Careful analysis of notarial registers has allowed the isolation of an essential link in our understanding of the Pyrenean mountain milieu : the « gazailhe », a type of livestock investment. This practice is also the basis of an intensive speculation on the part of important livestock owners. Linked to other documents, analysis of various legal aspects of contracts as well as the socio-economic study of contracting parties brings precious information to bear on agrarian life in a Pyrenean valley.Un dépouillement minutieux des registres notariaux a permis d'isoler un maillon essentiel de la connaissance du milieu montagnard pyrénéen : la « gazailhe », forme de placement de bétail. Cette pratique est aussi le support d'une spéculation intense de la part des gros propriétaires de cheptel. Combinés à d'autres documents, l'analyse des divers aspects juridiques du contrat ainsi que l'étude socio-économique des parties contractantes apportent de précieux renseignements sur la vie agraire dans une vallée pyrénéenne.Meliet Jean-Jacques, Rouch Philippe. La « gazailhe », indicateur socio-économique en région d'élevage : l'exemple de la Balongue de 1661 à 1690. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 96, N°165, 1984. A travers les campagnes méridionales. pp. 5-30
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the biomechanical significance of inter-lamellar interfaces in the intervertebral disc
No full textThe intervertebral disc (IVD) is a unique soft tissue structure which provides structural support and flexibility in the axial skeleton of vertebrates. From a structural perspective, the disc behaves somewhat like a thick walled pressure vessel, where the walls are comprised of a series of composite annular rings (lamellae). However, a prior study (Marchand and Ahmed, 1990) found a high proportion of circumferentially discontinuous lamellae in human lumbar IVDs. The presence of these discontinuities raises important structural questions, because discontinuous lamellae cannot withstand high nucleus pressures via the generation of circumferential (hoop) stress. A possible alternative mechanism may be that inter-lamellar cohesion allows shear stress transfer between adjacent annular layers. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the importance of inter-lamellar shear resistance in the intervertebral disc. \ud
This work found that inter-lamellar shear resistance has a strong influence on the compressive stiffness of the intervertebral disc, with a change in interface condition from tied (no slip) to frictionless (no shear resistance) reducing disc compressive stiffness by 40%. However, it appears that substantial inter-lamellar shear resistance is present in the bovine tail disc. Decreases in inter-lamellar shear resistance due to degradation of bridging collagenous or elastic fibre structures could therefore be an important part of the process of disc degeneration
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Performance biomechanical analysis in professional rugby union : lineout throwing optimization and concussion management.
No full textL'analyse biomécanique du geste sportif s’inscrit dans une double perspective d’optimisation de la performance et de prévention des blessures. Les travaux qui ont été menés au cours de cette thèse s’appliquent au rugby et s’articulent autour de deux axes : l’optimisation de la performance du lancer en touche et l’amélioration de la prise en charge des commotions cérébrales.Le lancer en touche est à l’origine de 50% des essais qui sont marqués au niveau international et malgré l’importance stratégique de cette phase de jeu, peu d’études biomécaniques sont présentes dans la littérature scientifique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons proposé un dispositif d’évaluation de la performance du lancer qui permet de quantifier simultanément la précision et le timing du lancer. Par la suite, une série d’expérimentations a été réalisée afin de mieux comprendre les facteurs biomécaniques impliqués dans cette phase de jeu. La première a permis de caractériser l’influence de la stabilité posturale dynamique sur la précision du lancer sur de longues distances, tandis que la seconde a permis d’identifier les paramètres cinématiques 3D associés à la performance du lancer chez des joueurs de différents niveaux d’expertise.L’étude des commotions cérébrales revêt un intérêt croissant dans le monde du rugby, notamment en raison de la hausse de son incidence constatée lors des deux dernières décennies. De plus, le plaquage est identifié comme la principale cause de commotion cérébrale et certains facteurs sont susceptibles d’en augmenter le risque. Le travail réalisé dans cette seconde partie de thèse a consisté d’une part, à évaluer l’intérêt du NeuroTracker (outil d’évaluation perceptivo-cognitif) dans la détection et le suivi de retour au jeu des joueurs ayant subi une commotion cérébrale. D’autre part, un dispositif de simulation d’impact a été développé afin de reproduire des plaquages de type « non anticipés » dans des conditions sécuritaires et reproductibles. La réponse biomécanique à ce type d’impact a par la suite été analysée dans un groupe de rugbymen professionnels, mettant en évidence l’influence des caractéristiques morphologiques liées au poste sur le risque de commotion cérébrale.Toutes les expérimentations réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été effectuées au centre d’entraînement du Racing 92 afin de favoriser le transfert des résultats vers les équipes médicales et sportives.The biomechanical analysis of the sport movement is a part of a dual perspective of performance optimization and injury prevention. The researches that was carried out during this thesis apply to rugby and center around two axes: the optimization of the lineout throwing performance and the concussion management improvement.50% of tries scored at international level come from a lineout throwing possession. Despite the strategic importance of this play phase, few biomechanical studies are present in the scientific literature. First, we proposed a throwing performance evaluation system, that allows to simultaneously quantify throwing accuracy and throwing timing. Subsequently, we conducted a series of experiments to better understand the biomechanical factors involved in this play phase. The first characterized the influence of dynamic postural stability on throwing accuracy over long distances, while the second identified the 3D kinematic parameters associated with throwing performance in players of different skills levels.The concussion study represents a growing interest in the rugby world, in particular because of the increase of its incidence observed over the last two decades. In addition, tackle is identified as the main cause of concussion and some factors are likely to increase the risk. The work produced in this second part of the thesis consisted in on the one hand, in evaluating the NeuroTracker interest (perceptual-cognitive tool) in the detection and the return to play monitoring of concussed players. On the other hand, an impact simulation device has been developed in order to reproduce “unanticipated” tackles under safe and reproducible conditions. Then, the biomechanical response to this type of impact was analyzed in a professional rugby players group, highlighting the influence of morphological characteristics specific to position on the concussion risk.All experiments were realized in the Racing 92 training center to promote the results transfer to the medical and sport staff
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