1,721,033 research outputs found
Understanding bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw: Uses and risks
No full textOBJECTIVE: Bisphosphonates are chemically stable analogs of pyrophosphate compounds, which have been used to treat multiple disorders of calcium metabolism. Although bisphosphonates have been employed for many years and have demonstrated an excellent safety profile, severe osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been described in patients with bone metastases who have been treated with bisphosphonates. METHODS: In this review we describe the reasons for ONJ and discuss the varying effects of different bisphosphonates on the development of ONJ. Bisphosphonates tend to accumulate in bone, subject to remodeling (such as the jaw) and can affect osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoclast formation, leading to the osteonecrosistic phenomenon. RESULTS: Risk factors for previously -treated patients include the type of bisphosphonates (amino or non-amino), length of treatment and route of administration, the presence of co-morbidities and/or treatment with immune-suppressing drugs, and the presence of other risk factors in addition to the type of intervention required. In oncological patients currently in treatment withreceiving intravenous bisphosphonates, greater consideration must be taken depending on the length of treatment already undertaken and concomitant therapies. In these patients, a preventive dental surgery visit and examination of the case would be advisable prior to beginning treatment with bisphosphonates. CONCLUSIONS: Practical approaches in the prevention of ONJ include thorough pre-treatment evaluation and performing any preventative procedures (treat periodontal conditions, extract loose teeth, provide protective and endodontic therapies); initiating amino-bisphosphonates only after any gum tissue damage has healed; establishing a regimented check-up schedule and hygieneic precautions the patient can take; and during bisphosphonate treatment conduct any dental procedures in the least invasive manner during bisphosphonate treatment
A very rare case of HPV-53-related cervical cancer, in a 79-year-old woman with a previous history of negative Pap cytology [corrigendum]
No full textZappacosta R, Lattanzio G, Viola P, Ianieri MM, Gatta DMP, Rosini S. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:683–688.On page 686, Figure 3 originally contained one panel and incorrect heading and notes. The authors have provided a new Figure 3 and a new legend.Read the original article 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intravenous 4-amino-1-hydroxybutyliedena-1, 1-bisphosphonate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
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Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bisphosphonates: focus on inflammation and bone loss
No full textBisphosphonates are pharmacological compounds that have been used for the prevention and treatment of several pathological conditions including osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other conditions characterized by bone fragility. Many studies have been performed to date to analyze their effects on inflammation and bone remodelling and related pathologies. The aim of this review is, starting from a background on inflammatory processes and bone remodelling, to give an update on the use of bisphosphonates, outlining the possible side effects and proposing new trends for the future. Starting from a brief introduction on inflammation and bone remodelling, we collect and analyze studies involving the use of bisphosphonates for treatment of inflammatory conditions and pathologies characterized by bone loss. Selected articles, including reviews, published between 1976 and 2011, were chosen from Pubmed/Medline on the basis of their content. Bisphosphonates exert a selective activity on inflammation and bone remodelling and related pathologies, which are characterized by an excess in bone resorption. They improve not only skeletal defects, but also general symptoms. Bisphosphonates have found clinical application preventing and treating osteoporosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone), bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcaemia), multiple myeloma, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other conditions that feature bone fragility. Further clinical studies involving larger cohorts are needed to optimize the dosage and length of therapy for each of these agents in each clinical field in order to be able to maximize their properties concerning modulation of inflammation and bone remodelling. In the near future, although "old" bisphosphonates will reach the end of their patent life, "new" bisphosphonates will be designed to specifically target a pathological condition
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