1,721,114 research outputs found
Thyroid Gland
No full textTumors of the Thyroid Gland-Chapter 9.
Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology 10th edition.
NO ABSTRACT AVAILABL
Nonneoplastic signet-ring cells in the gallbladder and uterine cervix. A potential source of overdiagnosis
No full textWe describe 3 cases of nonneoplastic signet-ring cell change in ulcerated mucosa, 2 of them in the gallbladder and I in an endocervical polyp. In the gallbladder cases, there were focal collections of signet-ring cells both on the mucosal surface and within the lumen of tubules, whereas in the endocervical polyp, the signet-ring cell aggregates were entirely confined to the mucosal surface. In all 3 cases, the signet-ring cells were positive for Mayer's mucicarmine and immunoreactive for keratin AE1/AE3. The lack of nuclear atypicality, the arrangement in superficial and intraluminal nests, and the admixture with histiocytes and other inflammatory cells are in keeping with the interpretation that the signet-ring cells are disrupted mucosal goblet cells exhibiting hyperplastic and degenerative changes. A review of the literature disclosed only other 2 previously reported cases of benign signet-ring cell changes in the gallbladder and none-to the best of our knowledge-in an endocervical polyp. Awareness of this phenomenon is of importance to avoid a potential overdiagnosis of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
TTF-1 Expression in Nephroblastoma
No full textThe unexpected observation of nuclear immunoreactivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) associated with an apparent lack of nuclear immunoreactivity for Wilms tumor-protein (WT1) in the pulmonary metastasis of a morphologically typical case of nephroblastoma affecting a 6.5-year-old male prompted us to examine the expression of these 2 markers (and CD56) in a series of 48 nephroblastomas, 5 adult metanephric adenomas, and 1 pediatric cystic nephroma. TTF-1 was found to be positive in 8 of 48 (16.6%) nephroblastomas and negative in all 5 metanephric adenomas. WT1 was positive in 43 of 48 (89.6%) nephroblastomas and 4 of 5 (80.0%) metanephric adenomas. CD56 was positive in 45 of 47 cases that were so tested (95.74%), but negative in all metanephric adenomas. The single cystic nephroma was TTF-1-negative, WT1-negative, and CD56-positive. The finding of TTF-1 expression in one sixth of nephroblastomas constitutes a potential source of misdiagnosis. The biologic significance of this surprising finding is unclear. It may reflect the embryonal nature of these tumors and may conceivably result-directly or indirectly-in interference with the transcriptional control of target genes and other molecular events in the pathway leading to the development of nephroblastoma
Tumors of the thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
No full textIn the years since the publication of the Third Series AFIP Fascicles on the thyroid and parathyroid glands, awareness of the remarkable morphologic diversity of thyroid carcinoma has notably expanded, and great advances have been made in unraveling the molecular genetic features of thyroid and parathyroid tumors. There has also been an increased interest in the use of the fine-needle aspiration technique for the diagnosis and management of thyroid tumors, and in the role of the pathologist in the operative handling of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland. This Fascicle documents the most significant advances that have taken place in these areas, emphasizing those with a practical application at the clinical level. The format remains similar to that of the previous versions, but the two thyroid and parathyroid Fascicles have been merged into one, and most of the black and white gross photographs and photomicrographs have been replaced with color images. The authors include a number of the most recent references, but have not ignored the classic works in the field, many of which have descriptions, illustrations, and insights that cannot be bettered.
This Fascicle fulfills the original goal of this series, which is that of helping the pathologist diagnose and anticipate the behavior of tumors and tumor-like lesions included in this publication
DNA and RNA obtained from Bouin's fixed tissues
No full textBACKGROUND: The use in many countries of acid fixatives, such as Bouin's solution, has limited the use of archival tissue for molecular analysis. An acidic environment is one of the main causes of DNA degradation. Moreover, RNA extraction is difficult in these types of fixed tissues. AIMS: To amplify DNA and RNA from Bouin's fixed tissues. METHODS: DNA and RNA were extracted from 20 breast cancer samples that had been routinely fixed in Bouin's fixative. Amplification of several genes using primers that produced amplicons of different lengths was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA (with and without restoration) and reverse transcription PCR for RNA. RESULTS: The acid environment of Bouin's fixative damaged both DNA and RNA. However, amplification was successful when the amplicon length was reduced to about 80 bp for RNA and 100-200 bp for DNA, especially if submitted to DNA reconstruction procedures. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to recover and analyse DNA an
A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphologic features of Castleman's disease. Pathological findings in 15 patients.
No full textThis report describes the nodal and extranodal lesions observed in 15 patients with a generalized disorder that had been histologically diagnosed as Castleman's disease. The disorder was characterized by severe constitutional symptoms, constant involvement of multiple peripheral lymph nodes, and frequent hepatosplenomegaly, in association with clinical and laboratory features reminiscent of a "collagen disease." The clinical course was chronic, with remissions and exacerbations in seven patients, and aggressive and fatal in eight. The material examined included multiple lymph node biopsies, four surgical specimens of spleen, one open lung biopsy, and material from four autopsies. The diagnostic morphological findings were observed in the nodes and were represented by the following histologic triad: diffuse marked plasmacytosis, from the medulla to the subcapsular areas; prominence of the germinal centers; and good preservation of the architecture. One variant of this basic pattern featured abundant immunoblasts and blood vessels. The process appears to be a systemic reactive proliferation of B-lymphocytes, perhaps resulting from faulty immune regulation. Morphologic similarities indicate a relationship between this multicentric disorder and Castleman's disease of plasmacellular type. However, there are distinct differences between them in clinical presentation and evolution, and, consequently, in therapeutic approach
Laryngeal carcinoma showing multidirectional epithelial neuroendocrine and sarcomatous differentiation
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