1,720,968 research outputs found
Denoising Probabilistic Diffusion Models for Synthetic Healthcare Image Generation
Full text linkHealthcare data are an essential resource in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve clinical practice, empower patients and enhance drug development with the aim to discover new medical knowledge. In particular, the biomedical imaging analysis plays a important role in the health- care context producing a huge amount of data that can be used to study complex diseases and their evolution in a deeper way or to predict their onsets. In this work we consider an approach based on Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) which is a type of generative model that uses a parameterized Markov chain and variational inference to generate synthetic samples that match real data. In particular, we execute a study by training on Malaria images and generating high-quality synthetic samples in order (i) to test the performance of the DDPMs, (ii) to estimate the association between original and synthetic data and (iii) to understand how the natural and human-made environmental factors impact Malaria disease. Finally, we use a well-defined convolutional neural network for classification tasks to assess the DDPM’s goodness in generating the synthetic images
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: when the age makes the difference
No full textDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a malignant tumor that affects exclusively the skin. It is a low- grade malignant tumor of subcutaneous tissues, characterized by a local recurrence but it seldom metastasizes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different clinical parameters on disease free survival and overall survival of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans patients.BACKGROUND: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a malignant tumor that affects exclusively the skin. It is a low-grade malignant tumor of subcutaneous tissues, characterized by a local recurrence but it seldom metastasizes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different clinical parameters on disease free survival and overall survival of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of data including seventeen cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (eleven male, six female) retrieved from the files of the Dermatology Clinics of La Sapienza University, Rome. We evaluated three clinical parameters (age, sex and anatomic site of the primary tumor) using the Kaplan-Meier product and the Log-Rank Test. RESULTS: The results highlighted that patients with an age ≤49 years showed a median disease free survival of 36 months, while patients with an age ≥50 years of 4 months (P<0.0003). In addition, performing Rank-correlation, only the variable age (P<0.0001) reached the statistical significance. Regarding overall survival, performing Rank-correlation only the variable age reached the statistical significance (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that age has a statistically significant role on disease free survival and overall survival of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans patients
A case of Scalp Rosacea treated with low dose doxycycline and probiotic therapy and literature review on therapeutic options
Full text linkRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disorder showing a wide range of clinical features such as telangiectasia, erythema, papules, and pustules primarily involving the central part of face (forehead, cheeks and nose) although extra facial manifestation have been described. We describe a case of rosacea with predominant scalp involvement successfully treated with a 8-week-course of doxycycline 40 mg once a day and probiotic therapy twice a day (Bifidobacterium breve BR03, Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 1 × 10(9) UFC/dose)
Actinic Keratosis Pathogenesis Update and New Patents
No full textBackground Actinic keratosis is a common premalignant skin lesion. Because of increasing incidence of actinic keratosis, several efforts have been done to detect earlier this premalignant lesion and to improve knowledge on photocarcinogenic pathways of keratinocytes. As a consequence, new discoveries have been done in this field recently. Objective Starting from our previous review on actinic keratosis, we reviewed the literature abo this premalignant lesion, focusing on pathogenesis and new patents for its early diagnosis, in order to highlight the most recent progresses in diagnosis and therapeutic approach of actinic keratosis. Conclusion Although several efforts have been done in the field of actinic keratosis, new upgrades in diagnosis and therapy are needed to detect superficial actinic keratosis earlier, to improve the disease free survival of patient and to threat better the field cancerization
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Tourism Asset and Spatial Complexity Analyzed Through Graph-Structured Data Analysis
No full textIn this work, we aim to move beyond the territorial representation of communities of tourism-related services. Instead, our focus is on exploring the interrelation between two distinct features: tourist attractions and tourism-related services. One approach we consider is to utilize a bipartite graph, a mathematical structure characterized by a division of its vertices into two separate and non-overlapping sets, meaning they have no element in common, such that no two graph vertices within the same set are adjacent. Bipartite networks serve as powerful models for understanding diverse interactions across various disciplines, ranging from social networks to environmental systems. Identifying communities within bipartite networks holds significant importance as it unveils hidden patterns and structures within complex relationships. But instead of relying only on the graph structure, we enhance our understanding of these complex interrelations by integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) into our methodology. GNNs are a type of machine learning model designed specifically for processing input data in the form of graphs. Within these approaches, we can represent a wide range of complex relationships, making them useful for modeling Spatial Interaction in territorial systems, among others
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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