209,572 research outputs found
Shifting Responsibilities for EU Roma Citizens: The 2010 French affair on Roma evictions and expulsions continued. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 55, June 2013
Get PDFDespite the ultimatum delivered in October 2010 to the French government by Viviane Reding, Vice-President of the European Commission, to adapt its national immigration law ‘to the letter’ of the Citizens Directive 2004/38, the country has continued to evict and expel Romanian and Bulgarian nationals of Roma origin. This paper examines the state of affairs with respect to France’s policy on eviction and expulsion of Roma and assesses the way in which the controversy has developed and can be understood from the perspective of citizenship of the EU. On the basis of an examination of the subsequent responses by the European Commission and the EU member states involved, as well as of a recent bilateral agreement concluded between France and Romania on the reintegration of families of Romanian citizens belonging to the Roma minority who have exercised their freedom to move, the paper suggests that there has been a paradigm shift in the priorities driving EU policy responses and politics. This shift has led to an ethnicisation of citizenship of the Union, where ethnicity increasingly plays a decisive role in the allocation and attribution of responsibility to secure and safeguard the union freedoms
Narratives of social inclusion in the context of Roma school segregation
Get PDFDespite a series of judgements from the European Court of Human Rights and the enactment of the EU Racial Equality Directive, the educational segregation of Roma pupils persists in several European states. State action plans submitted pursuant to the European Framework for Roma Integration rarely provide clear targets and do not commit to inclusive schooling. Taking education as a principle indicator of social inclusion, this article identifies that structural inequality and entrenched discriminatory attitudes are the main obstacles to Roma inclusion. This can only be addressed through the diffusion of legal and social norms that mainstream equality. Focusing on the legal obligations, it is argued that the European Commission must be more decisive and effective in the enforcement of non-discrimination rules. A closer dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the EU institutions, grounded in a non-targeted social inclusion frame, could provide a platform for European consensus which may help to secure meaningful change
The 'Roma Problem' in the EU: Nomadism, (in)visible architectures and violence
No full textThis article argues that the ‘Roma problem’ in the EU is often translated into a ‘space problem’. The targeting of Roma spaces—camps, right to movement, Roma homes and palaces—ultimately challenges the Roma’s right to settlement and insures their invisibility. By turning its attention to the recent politics of Roma expulsions in France, this article seeks to better understand their implications by looking at: a) the relationship between the Roma’s sedentary vs. nomadic lifestyle; b) the Roma’s use of space to secure both visibility and invisibility; and c) the state’s problematic use of legal violence in order to control and police the Roma. The article strongly suggests that the Roma ‘space problem’ cannot be solved by attempts to either construct (settlement) or constrict (expulsion) Roma spaces by an outside authority, but rather through an acceptance of Roma’s temporary presence—even if it involves a long-term temporality—in camps ‘abroad’ and continued support for Roma communities ‘at home’
Access to health care for Roma children in Central and Eastern Europe: findings from a qualitative study in Bulgaria
Get PDFBackground: Despite the attention the situation of the Roma in Central and Eastern Europe has
received in the context of European Union enlargement, research on their access to health services
is very limited, in particular with regard to child health services.
Methods: 50 qualitative in-depth interviews with users, providers and policy-makers concerned
with child health services in Bulgaria, conducted in two villages, one town of 70,000 inhabitants, and
the capital Sofia.
Results: Our findings provide important empirical evidence on the range of barriers Roma children
face when accessing health services. Among the most important barriers are poverty,
administrative and geographical obstacles, low levels of parental education, and lack of ways to
accommodate the cultural, linguistic and religious specifics of this population group.
Conclusion: Our research illustrates the complexity of the problems the Roma face. Access to
health care cannot be discussed in isolation from other problems this population group
experiences, such as poverty, restricted access to education, and social exclusion
European policies for social inclusion of Roma : Catch 22?
Get PDFThe article analyzes contemporary political discourses with regard to social inclusion of Roma on the basis of comparison with achievements and failures in the previous historical period of the communist rule in Eastern Europe. It argues that since the vast majority of the European Roma had lived in the past and continue living nowadays in the countries of Eastern Europe, no successful policy for their inclusion is possible without taking into account the experiences and outcomes of the actions for Roma integration in the socialist period. The experience from the times of socialism shows that successful policies are possible only in an appropriate socio-political context and only if accomplished within the mainstream approach. Against this background, the article scrutinizes the European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma, and explains why they present a Catch 22 situation: There is a vicious cycle of problems which need to be solved; the solution requires a special policy for inclusion, however this policy stigmatizes Roma and sets them even more apart from the rest of society. Thus the vicious cycle of problems expands. The main point of the article is to propose an explanation of this failure of democracy and liberalism, which could constitute a useful lesson for the future.Peer reviewe
Genetikai kórképek hazai roma populatióban = Genetic disorders in Romani population
No full text1. Biotinidase defektusos újszülöttek szűrése a betegek molekuláris genetikai analysise magyar kaukazoid és roma populatioban.Eredmények:Hazai vizsgálatok: 58 családban vizsgáltuk a specifikus biotinidáz enzymaktivitást a kiszűrt enzymhiányos családokban, Wolf és mtsai. (1983) módszerével, fél Magyarországi újszülöttpopulációban, kiemelve a hazai roma populatio érintettségét. Molekuláris genetikai mutációs vizsgálatok polymerase láncreakció/SSCP analysissel történtek. A betegek 60 %-a roma populációhoz tartozik. Öt családban fordult elő az 1595C>T (T532M) mutáció, amely founder (alapító)mutációnak felel meg, utóbbi eredeti megállapítás, általánosítás roma populatiora. További 1 biotinidáz defektusos betegnél a 15 95C-T /Q456H és egy másiknál kettős heterozygotaság volt kimutatható, így 511G>A és 1330G>C ( A171CT/D444H). Egy másik beteg részleges enzymhiánnyal heterozygota genotípusú volt 1595C>T (T532M) és heterozygota 13300 GyC (D444H) pontmutatióra. Egy beteg biotinidáz enzymaktivitása nulla volt, aki homozygota mutánsnak bizonyult 1568CyT (T532M)-re. 2. A galaktokináz (GALK1) gén P28T mutáció incidenciája galactokinase hiányos roma betegekben Európában.Összesen 803 nem rokon roma érintett beteget vizsgáltunk Bulgáriában, Magyarországon és Spanyolországban, az össz. génhordozó ráta 1:47-nek adódott. Munkacsoportunk által detektált: P28T mutáció founder mutációnak minősíthető a GALK1 génben. | 1.Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency in Hungary was made in 58 families with Wolf et. al. (1983) method. PCR/SSCP analysis was carried out. The patient?s 60% belong to Roma population. As founder mutation 1595C>T (T532M) mutation has been proven. 2.Mutation analysis of galaktokinase (GALK 1) gene in Rom. population. The P28T mutation in GALK 1 gene accounts for galaktokinase deficiency as founder mutation. 3.Population molecular genetic investgation for cystic fibrosis in C. and R. population. (Tiszalök, Tiszadada, Tiszanánás). The delta F 508 mutation occurred in 43%, with 0,144 homosygous index (HI), against of 50% with 0,127 HI in C. 4.Population genetic analysis of Y chromosome in R. population. Y STR systems were detected by gen RES DYS plex-1 and plex 2 cits,with Y markers DYS 19, DYS 389?in 201 C. and 196 R. The 2 Hungarian R. pop. were different. 5.Relevant pointmutations and polymorphysms for susceptibility for coronaria sclerosis in R. population, with light sicler (5-10 MTHFR, C677T polymorphism, ACE insertion and deletion polymorphism ID), plasminogen gene activator inhibitor (PAI 4/5) polymorphysm. Results: PAI4 allele was significantly more frekvent, while PAI5 and MTHFR C667T mutation were decreased. 6.Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy FSHD(Spinal Muscular Atrophy) and congenital myasthenia syndrome were analysed in Rom. population with PCR/RFLP. The 1267 delG (guanine deletion) as founder mutation of Rom. minority was proven
Germi & Roma
No full textI rapporti fra il regista Pietro Germi e Roma, attraverso l'analisi dei suoi filmRelations between the director Pietro Germi and Rome, through the analysis of his filmsPietro Germi Roma Locatio
Europe’s perennial "outsiders": A processual approach to Roma stigmatization and ghettoization
Get PDFThis paper draws on the theoretical work of Norbert Elias and Loïc Wacquant in seeking to understand the stigmatized and marginalized position of the Roma population within Europe. The paper argues that the persistent persecution of Roma, reflected in social policy, cannot be understood without reference to long-term social processes, which shape the nature of the asymmetric power relations between Roma and non-Roma. Elias's theory of established-outsider relations is applied at the intra-state European level in arguing that Roma constitute a cross-border "outsider" group; with their intense stigmatization explained and perpetuated by a common set of collective fantasies which are maintained through complex group processes of disidentification, and which result in Roma being seen as of lesser human worth. Wacquant's theoretical concept of the "ghetto" is then drawn upon to show how the manifestations of stigmatization for the stigmatized are at once psychological, social and spatial. The paper suggests that the synthesis of the two theorists' relational, theoretical concepts allows for an approach that can expose the way in which power is exercised within and through group relations. Such an approach emphasizes the centrality of the interdependence between Roma and non-Roma, and the fluctuating power balance that characterises that relationship across time and space. The paper concludes that, while existing research focused on policy and outcomes is useful in understanding the negative contemporary experiences of Roma populations, they need to be understood in the context of wider social processes and historical continuities in seeking to elucidate how these processes shape policies and contribute to social and spatial marginalization
Roma as a Unique Cultural Minority: the Impact of Communism and Democratisation on Roma in Eastern Europe
Get PDFThis thesis examines the socio-economic situation of Roma in three Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. It observes that the governments of these three countries, to varying degrees, have failed to develop effective policies for improving the marginal situation of the Roma minority. My hypothesis is that one of the key factors explaining this failure is the fact that ‘the dominant group – ethnic minority’ relations in these countries have been based on a liberal as opposed to a multicultural model.
An examination of the academic literature on accommodating ethnic minority rights reveals two main models that deal with the rights of minority cultures. The first, the liberal model, focuses on human rights and advances the idea that the best way to improve the quality of life of ethnic minorities would be to treat their members in the same way as the members of the dominant ethnic group. The second, the multicultural model, demands special protection of the culture of minority groups and views this as an essential precondition for improving the minority group’s socio-economic condition.
The thesis argues that both the policies of the Eastern European governments, as well as the monitoring mechanisms adopted by the international community are based on the liberal approach which promotes the implementation of human rights standards. These policies have not been successful which in turn casts doubt on the suitability of the liberal model as a solution to the problematic situation of the Roma in the three Eastern European countries studied here.
The thesis examines two other factors that explain the poor socio-economic status of Roma in Eastern Europe: the unique situation of the Roma minority as one lacking an external homeland that could support its minority abroad and the unique geo-political situation of these Eastern European countries whose other minorities do have external homelands and are seen as posing a security threat to the host countries. Thus the Roma suffer the twofold disadvantage of having no external protection and of being the target of the negative attitudes aimed at the other ethnic minority groups due to the perceived security threat to the territorial integrity of these states.
The analysis demonstrates that the Roma minorities in Hungary fare better than in Bulgaria and Romania due to the lack of the above mentioned security issues vis-à-vis other ethnic minorities
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