1,720,984 research outputs found
Effects of diphenylurea derivatives on adventitious rooting
No full textAdventitious root formation is a key step in vegetative propagation of plants, one of the most efficient methods to multiply plants in vivo or in vitro. Endogenous auxin (namely indole 3 acetic acid, IAA) has been established as natural inducer of root formation, and its capacity to induce roots when exogenously applied has also been rapidly recognised. However, in the case of woody plants there is often a physiological inability to produce adventitious roots even after external supplementation of auxins, either natural or synthetic. Despite the huge commercial interest and the large number of attempts, auxin alone has proved to be not sufficient to induce root formation in so called difficult to root species. Different strategies have therefore been implemented with a view to improving adventitious rooting: treatment with any kind of plant growth regulators; supplementation of non hormonal compounds such as polyamines, phenolic compounds, thiol compounds; use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes as root inducing bacterium. Considering broad interest in the area of nonhormonal
bioactive compound supplementation, in this chapter we
summarize the effects of some diphenylurea derivatives as “rooting adjuvants”, since they markedly enhance rooting when applied alone or in combination with auxins
An optimized method for in vitro propagation of African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) using two-node segments
No full textAdansonia digitata L. (African baobab), is an important multi-purpose tree, whose distribution is at present limited to wild or semi-domesticated individuals widespread in Africa. Its distribution is threatened by seedling clearance for other land use and potentially by overharvesting induced by growing commercial use of baobab fruit. Recently, efforts have been made to establish baobab domestication and conservation strategies, with mixed results due to the low germinability of baobab seeds, a factor that hinders the possibility of developing commercial A. digitata plantations. Here, micropropagation was tested as a method for clonal propagation of explants from in vivo-grown seedlings. In vitro shoot multiplication was achieved by enhanced axillary bud proliferation of sterilized two-node segments. Bud break was dependent on cytokinin supply, but the combination of 1.0 or 10.0 μM zeatin riboside and 10.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) increased the formation of microshoots after 8 weeks of culture. Regenerated microshoots rooted successfully in in vitro nutrient medium containing 10.0 μM IBA and normally grew in a greenhouse after acclimatization
Fig. 5 in Exploiting the potential of micropropagated durum wheat organs as modified mycotoxin biofactories: The case of deoxynivalenol
No full textFig. 5. Scores and Loadings plots obtained for PCA analysis of roots and leaves treated with DON. (L: leaves; R: roots; high: 100 μg DON; low: 12.5 μg DON).Published as part of Righetti, Laura, Damiani, Tito, Rolli, Enrico, Galaverna, Gianni, Suman, Michele, Bruni, Renato & Dall'Asta, Chiara, 2020, Exploiting the potential of micropropagated durum wheat organs as modified mycotoxin biofactories: The case of deoxynivalenol, pp. 1-7 in Phytochemistry (112194) 170 on page 5, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112194, http://zenodo.org/record/829277
Organogenesi somatica in vitro
No full textLe piante sono organismi affascinanti in grado di percepire prontamente stimoli endogeni ed ambientali, integrarli e reagire con una rete complessa di risposte fisiologiche. Il concepimento di metodiche innovative di laboratorio è fondamentale per migliorare la conoscenza di questi processi e ideare strategie utili in molteplici settori, come la moderna agricoltura sostenibile e la bioenergia. FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE APPLICATA a cura di Vincenzo Lionetti e Daniela Bellincampi, forti della loro lunga esperienza in campo didattico, sono riusciti a scrivere un testo che sarà di grande aiuto agli studenti e, perché no, anche a curiosi e appassionati, per l’attività pratica di ricerca in laboratorio e per approfondire le procedure analitiche alla base degli studi attuali più rilevanti nel campo della Fisiologia vegetale, curando vari aspetti come la biologia cellulare, la biologia molecolare, la biochimica, l’elettrofisiologia, l’ingegneria genetica e varie applicazioni biotecnologiche. I contenuti sono stati adeguati alle esigenze dei recenti ordinamenti didattici dei corsi di laurea in Scienze biologiche, in Biotecnologie e in Agraria
N,N'-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea and N,N'-bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea interact with auxin in enhancing root formation of M26 apple (Malus pumila Mill.) stem slices
No full textOptimisation of in vitro propagation of Hyssopus officinalis L. using two-node explants and N-phenyl-N’-benzothiazol-6-yl-urea (PBU), a new urea-type cytokinin
No full textAn in vitro, vegetative propagation protocol for Hyssopus officinalis was optimised. The best results, in terms of multiplication factor (MF) and quality of shoots, were obtained using two-node explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Shoots were rooted in the presence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), as auxin, and the well-developed plantlets were acclimatised under greenhouse conditions. The same MF value was obtained when two-node explants were cultured in the presence of 1.0 μM N-phenyl-N’-benzothiazol-6-yl-urea (PBU), a new derivative of urea showing cytokinin-like activity. Shoots obtained from the PBU treatment exhibited significantly better performance in terms of the percentage of micropropagated shoots that rooted and the mean number of roots per rooted shoot. These results demonstrate that PBU also exibits cytokinin-like activity during plant propagation
The weak cytokinins N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and N,N'-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea may enhance rooting in apple and mung bean
No full textThe present research investigates the possibility that 2 weak urea-type cytokinins, the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea, enhance adventitious root formation. The rooting activity was assessed using the stem slice test, the mung bean rooting test and the rooting of apple microcuttings. The two compounds influenced the adventitious rooting process differently as regards the bioassay used. In the stem slice test, in the presence of exogenous auxin, both compounds enhanced the rooted slice percentage. In mung bean shoots, the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea enhanced the root formation at the lowest concentration used (0.01 μM) while the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea enhanced rooting at higher concentrations. In the rooting test of apple microcuttings the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea slightly enhanced only the mean root number per microcutting
- …
