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    27 research outputs found

    Design of the Forward Diffractive Detector's Control System for CERN-LHC Run 3

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    The ALICE experiment is currently participating in the recently started Run 3 of CERN LHC, in which collision rate and thus data stream rate had been significantly increased with respect to Run 2. Several upgrades were required for ALICE prior to the start or Run 3, including implementation of a new Online-Offline (O2) system to handle the new data flow, and upgrading detectors. For instance, the AD (ALICE Diffractive) was replaced by the new Forward Diffractive Detector (FDD) and included in the Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) project. Therefore, development of a Detector Control System (DCS) for FDD was necessary. The DCS is one of the fundamental systems of CERN experiments which allows for essential tasks such as remote and safe operation, monitoring, configuration and recording of data. The aim of this work was to collaborate in the design, development and integration of the DCS for FDD, as well as taking part of installation and calibration of the detector. Specific objectives also include communicating the DCS to its corresponding experimental equipment, implementing the FDD-DCS according to the general requirements of the FIT project and the particular ones for FDD, integrating the DCS to the ALICE central DCS observing all of its guidelines, and optimizing the configuration process of FDD through the DCS for data taking. Chapter 1 briefly defines ALICE, FIT, FDD and their main purpose. Chapter 2 describes the components of a DCS, emphasizing the software tools required for its development. Chapter 3 lists the hardware equipment to be controlled by the DCS. Chapter 4 describes the modeling of FDD-DCS as a hierarchical structure composed of finite state machines and explains the design of the various user interface panels for operators. Chapter 5 describes configuration of several DCS features essential for operation: the alarm, archiving and SAFE systems, the trending panels and the automated configuration process. A manuscript based on this work was accepted and published in the Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A scientific journal
    CERN Document Server

    Optimización de la exposición de rayos x para el diagnóstico de neoplasias en el tórax en pacientes adultos

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    “En el presente estudio se realizaron pruebas de control de calidad en un equipo de Tomografía Axial Computarizada Philips Brilliance Big Bore y en un equipo de Mastografía Selenia de una Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mediante dichas pruebas, se verificó el correcto desempeño de los equipos y la consistencia entre los parámetros que reportan y los parámetros medidos. Posteriormente se realizó una recopilación estadística de la dosis colectiva en la población del hospital sometida a estudios de Tomografía en la región del tórax. Con base en los resultados anteriores, se estimó el riesgo poblacional de carcinogénesis y se compararon los niveles de referencia de dosis locales para el tórax con los publicados internacionalmente. Finalmente se realizaron pruebas de optimización de dosis, también en Tomografía, comparando la calidad de imagen de los estudios con y sin optimización”
    Repositorio de Acceso Abierto BUAP

    Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791
    Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Genova

    Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

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    BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
    Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università degli Studi di Foggia

    Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups Results From the Randomized CREDENCE Trial

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    Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups Results From the Randomized CREDENCE Tria
    DRO Deakin Research Online

    Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups Results From the Randomized CREDENCE Trial

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    Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67–0.95]; P =0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49–0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69–1.06]) prevention groups ( P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61–1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59–1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56–1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups ( P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02065791
    The Francis Crick Institute

    Multimuons in cosmic-ray events as seen in ALICE at the LHC

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    International audienceALICE is a large experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Located 52 meters underground, its detectors are suitable to measure muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the studies of the cosmic muons registered by ALICE during Run 2 (2015--2018) are described. The analysis is limited to multimuon events defined as events with more than four detected muons (Nμ>4N_\mu>4) and in the zenith angle range 0∘1000^{\circ}100) obtained with QGSJET and SIBYLL is compatible with the data, while EPOS-LHC produces a significantly lower rate (55%55\% of the measured rate). For both QGSJET and SIBYLL, the rate is close to the data when the composition is assumed to be dominated by heavy elements, an outcome compatible with the average energy Eprim∼1017E_\mathrm{prim} \sim 10^{17}~eV of these events. This result places significant constraints on more exotic production mechanisms
    HAL Mines Nantes

    Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon production cross section in pp and Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02 TeV

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    International audienceThe ALICE Collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the inclusive production cross section of isolated photons at midrapidity as a function of the photon transverse momentum (pTγp_{\rm T}^{\gamma}), in Pb-Pb collisions in different centrality intervals, and in pp collisions, at centre-of-momentum energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 TeV. The photon transverse momentum range is between 10-14 and 40-140 GeV/cc, depending on the collision system and on the Pb-Pb centrality class. The result extends to lower pTγp_{\rm T}^{\gamma} than previously published results by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the same collision energy. The covered pseudorapidity range is ∣ηγ∣<0.67|\eta^{\gamma}| <0.67. The isolation selection is based on a charged particle isolation momentum threshold pTiso, ch=1.5p_{\rm T}^{\rm iso,~ch} = 1.5 GeV/cc within a cone of radii R=0.2R=0.2 and 0.40.4. The nuclear modification factor is calculated and found to be consistent with unity in all centrality classes, and also consistent with the HG-PYTHIA model, which describes the event selection and geometry biases that affect the centrality determination in peripheral Pb-Pb collisions. The measurement is compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and to the measurements of isolated photons and Z0^0 bosons from the CMS experiment, which are all found to be in agreement
    HAL Mines Nantes

    Exposing the parton-hadron transition within jets with energy-energy correlators in pp collisions at s=5.02\sqrt{\textit s}=5.02 TeV

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    International audienceThis paper presents a fully-corrected measurement of the energy-energy correlator (EEC) within jets in pp collisions. The EEC traces the energy flow as a highly energetic parton undergoes a QCD shower followed by the confinement of partons into hadrons, probing the correlation function of the energy flow inside jets. The EEC observable is measured as a function of the charged particle pair angular distance, RLR_{\rm L}, for 20<pTch jet<8020 < p_{\rm T}^{\rm ch \, jet} < 80 GeV/cc. In the perturbative region (large RLR_{\rm L}), a good agreement between the data and a next-to-leading-log perturbative QCD calculation is observed. In the non-perturbative region (small RLR_{\rm L}), the data exhibits a linear RLR_{\rm L} dependence. There is a transition region in between, characterized by a turnover in the EEC distribution, corresponding to the confinement process. The peak of this transition region is located at 2.42±0.172.42 \pm 0.17 GeV/c/⟨pTch jet⟩c/\langle p_{\rm T}^{\rm ch \, jet}\rangle for jets of various energies, indicating a common energy scale for the hadronization process. State-of-the-art Monte Carlo event generators are compared with the measurements, and can be used to constrain the parton shower and hadronization mechanisms
    HAL Mines Nantes

    Dielectron production in central Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

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    International audienceThe first measurement of the e+^+e−^- pair production at midrapidity and low invariant mass in central Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 TeV at the LHC is presented. The yield of e+^+e−^- pairs is compared with a cocktail of expected hadronic decay contributions in the invariant mass (meem_{\rm ee}) and pair transverse momentum (pT,eep_{\rm T,ee}) ranges mee<3.5m_{\rm ee} < 3.5 GeV/c2/c^2 and pT,ee<8p_{\rm T,ee} < 8 GeV/c/c. For 0.18<mee<0.50.18 < m_{\rm ee} < 0.5 GeV/c2/c^2 the ratio of data to the cocktail of hadronic contributions without ρ\rho mesons amounts to 1.42±0.12 (stat.)±0.17 (syst.)±0.12 (cocktail)1.42 \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.17 \ ({\rm syst.}) \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm cocktail}) and 1.44±0.12 (stat.)±0.17 (syst.)−0.21+0.17 (cocktail)1.44 \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.17 \ ({\rm syst.}) ^{+0.17}_{-0.21} \ ({\rm cocktail}), including or not including medium effects in the estimation of the heavy-flavor background, respectively. It is consistent with predictions from two different models for an additional contribution of thermal e+^+e−^- pairs from the hadronic and partonic phases. In the intermediate-mass range (1.2<mee<2.61.2 < m_{\rm ee} < 2.6 GeV/c2/c^2), the pair transverse impact parameter of the e+^+e−^- pairs (DCAee_{\rm ee}) is used for the first time in Pb−-Pb collisions to separate displaced dielectrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays from a possible (thermal) contribution produced at the interaction point. The data are consistent with a suppression of e+^+e−^- pairs from cc‾{\rm c\overline{c}} and an additional prompt component. Finally, the first direct-photon measurement in the 10% most central Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 TeV is reported via the study of virtual direct photons in the transverse momentum range 1<pT<51 < p_{\rm T} < 5 GeV/c/c. A model including prompt photons, as well as photons from the pre-equilibrium and fluid-dynamic phases, can reproduce the result, while being at the upper edge of the data uncertainties
    HAL Mines Nantes
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