1,721,014 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bioinspired scaffolds for bone and neural tissue and interface engineering
No full textDuring the last decade, significant progress has been made in scaffold design for bone and nerve regeneration. The manipulation of material chemistry and processing technologies allows for improvement of structural and functional properties of tailor-made devices by the assembly of various materials combination or the ex novo synthesis of new materials with new functionalities (i.e., optical, electrical, magnetic), thus opening new and interesting routes for their application in tissue engineering. For instance, the manipulation of different materials may actively contribute to the design of highly complex platforms able to reproduce interface tissues such as meniscus, cartilage, and intervertebral disc, which also requires the re-invention/adaptation of conventional processing techniques for the fabrication of multilayered systems with chemical/physical gradients and multiple functionalities. Hence, it is mandatory to begin with a base of solid knowledge about material properties to properly design tailored scaffolds in order to optimize, case by case, repair and regeneration strategies. Generally, an ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible and bio-adhesive, possess adequate mechanical properties to tolerate the applied physiological load, and finally, show good bioactivity to ensure sufficient bonding at the material/tissue interface. The criteria for selecting the materials as biomaterials may be based on their chemistry, molecular weight, solubility, shape and structure, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, lubricity, surface energy, water absorption, and degradation properties. A strongly considered criteria to select a biomaterial for the development of 3D scaffolds is to match the mechanical properties and the degradation rate; this functions as a great opportunity to gradually support regeneration mechanisms as well as to release bioactive molecules and drugs by time and space controlled routes. In general, biodegradable/resorbable properties mainly refer to the susceptibility of a polymer to be decomposed by living organisms or by environmental factors. According to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard definition, biodegradable means “capable of undergoing decomposition into CO2, CH4, H2O, inorganic compounds or biomass”. In the restriction of tissue engineering use, biodegradable polymers have to be decomposed into biologically acceptable molecules—without the formation of harmful intermediate products—that can be metabolized and removed from the body via natural pathways (metabolism or excretion). Their ease of manufacturability, low cost, and customizable mechanical and physical properties make them useful for the fabrication of scaffolds by different processing techniques and modalities. Among biodegradable/bioresorbable polymers, it is possible to distinguish two different groups: natural and synthetic. The former one mainly includes proteins (i.e., collagens, zein, gelatin, elastin, silk fibroin) amides (i.e., starch) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitin, chitosan, alginates, cellulose derivates), which are macromolecules totally recognized in the biological microenvironment fully suitable for the regeneration of different tissues (i.e., nerve, cartilage, bone). Despite many advantages offered by materials from natural sources, notably biological recognition, synthetic polymers have often been preferred for their higher versatility in terms of properties’ variability and workability. In particular, relevant drawbacks in mechanical properties of natural polymers have imposed the use of synthetic ones to reach an acceptable balance between chemical stability and in vivo durability. However, many years of experimental studies have underlined that non-optimal cell interaction may be often an impenetrable limitation for the in vitro and in vivo applicability of scaffolds. Indeed, it is usually mandatory to assess chemical (i.e., molecular grafting) or physical (i.e., blending with natural polymers) modifications to generate their semi-synthetic counterparts, better recognized, even if not completely accepted into the implant site
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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