1,720,958 research outputs found
Corrado Tumiati, Luigi Castaldi and their reappraisal of the role of Clemente Susini (1754-1814) in the accomplishment of the anatomical wax models of La Specola and of those now in Cagliari.
No full textThe evolution of Clemente Susini’s anatomical iconography from his beginnings at La Specola waxwork to his artistic maturity, as seen in the collection of Cagliari
Full text linkIn 1772, Clemente Susini (1754-1814) freshly graduated at the Florentine Accademia di Belle Arti was hired, as assistant of the sculptor Giuseppe Ferrini and dissector aid, by Felice Fontana (1730-1805) physicist of the Grand-ducal court. The latter was then setting up the ceroplastic workshop of the Regio e Imperiale Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale (called La Specola) funded by the Grand-Duke Peter Leopold. Ten years later, he was appointed first modeller, a job that he carried on until the end of his life. In forty years of work Susini realized, or oversaw, the production of over 2000 wax models most of which for the great collection of La Specola in Florence and that of the Josephinum in Vienna completed in 1780-1786 [1]. Aside from both the former, made under Fontana’s directorship, Susini produced other models commissioned to the Museum from Italy and abroad. Noteworthy, among these is the collection for Cagliari made in collaboration with the Sardinian anatomist Francesco Antonio Boi (1767-1850) in 1803-1805. At the time, Fontana was no more interested in wax modelling and Susini was free, at last, to fully express himself. Cagliari’s waxes are more realistic, there are no posing figures, and the models do not exhibit the “rosy skin” of those of La Specola and Vienna. Most of the 23 cases bear the date and Susini’s signature, a seal of authorship lacking in the other collections of Florentine waxes. The target of Susini and Boi appears to be quite different from that seen in the earlier collections. The References to clinical and functional anatomy seem purposely pointed out in order to give students of surgery and medicine relevant information on their professional training. There is no attempt to make anatomy more attractive for a general public or to educate citizens according to the project of “popularizing” anatomy so dear to Fontana and Peter Leopold. Moreover, it seems that Susini and Boi have reached a degree of “cooperation of art and science” that anticipate the current trend of anatomical illustration [2]
The Collection of Clemente Susini's anatomical waxes in Cagliari: its historical, scientific, teaching and artistic value
No full textParasympathetic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): a likely contributor to clozapine-induced sialorrhoea
No full textOBJECTIVE: The parasympathetic transmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increases salivary gland blood flow and evokes protein secretion and, in some species, such as rats, a small fluid secretion. It interacts synergistically with muscarinics for protein and fluid output. Human salivary acini are supplied with VIPcontaining nerves. We hypothesise that VIP and clozapine,
acting together, evoke a volume of saliva greater than the sum of those induced by each drug given separately. It was further considered whether, in the current test situation, circulatory events influenced the magnitude of the secretory response.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Saliva from parotid glands deprived of their autonomic innervation, and saliva and blood from innervated submandibular glands were collected in adrenoceptor antagonist-pretreated pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats. Initially, the individual and then the combined effects of intravenous doses of VIP and clozapine were established.
RESULTS: The submandibular volume response to the combination was 2–3 times higher, while blood pressure and glandular blood flow did not differ from those to VIP alone. The synergism occurred independent of nerves as shown in denervated parotid glands.
CONCLUSIONS: From the current preclinical data, we speculate that VIP of parasympathetic origin, by its synergistic interaction with clozapine, may contribute to the clozapine (muscarinic M1-receptor)-induced sialorrhoea in schizophrenics
Anatomia Clavis et Clavus Medicinae. Storia dell'Anatomia nell'Università di Cagliari
No full textQuesto libro illustrato è composto da sette Capitoli. I primi tre, che vanno dalla protostoria ai giorni nostri, affrontano la maggior parte dei momenti storici dell'evoluzione della conoscenza e dell'insegnamento di Anatomia Umana e delle Scienze affini prodotti soprattutto nella città di Cagliari, nella sua Università e nelle sue Istituzioni Anatomiche ospedaliere.
Il Capitolo 4 è interamente dedicato ai Teatri Anatomici e alle Sale Anatomiche della città di Cagliari, luoghi prima poco conosciuti o totalmente sconosciuti: un percorso che si estende da Palazzo Belgrano, sede del Rettorato, all'Istituto Anatomico di via Porcell. Quest'ultimo, aperto nel 1922-23, è stato l'istituzione anatomica più importante di Cagliari fino al 1998.
Il Capitolo 5 delinea l'evoluzione storica dei metodi utilizzati per gli studi anatomici, dalla dissezione alla microscopia, tracciando nel contempo i legami dell’Anatomia con varie discipline filosofiche e scientifiche.
Il Capitolo 6 riassume la cronologia generale e offre una visione prosopografica della vita, del pensiero e del contesto storico-sociale delle Persone che si sono alternate nell'insegnamento di Anatomia. Oltre ai Professori, sono stati attentamente considerati anche i Settori e gli Assistenti, alcuni dei quali rinomati protagonisti del mondo scientifico internazionale.
Nel Capitolo 7, infine, si dedica ampio spazio ai mutamenti più recenti che evidenziano l'evoluzione dei metodi di indagine applicati tramite la microscopia ottica e la microscopia elettronica a trasmissione e a scansione; essi comprendono l’immunochimica, la morfometria, le colture cellulari, in un contesto accademico in continua trasformazione. Gli sviluppi degli ultimi 55 anni ci hanno permesso di scrivere pagine di storia più vicine ai nostri tempi e ricche di ricordi di luoghi, fatti e persone. Essi riguardano l'Istituto divenuto poi Dipartimento, il Corso di Dottorato, gli spazi museali in cui primeggia, per rilevanza mondiale e indiscussa bellezza delle opere, il Museo delle Cere Anatomiche. Infine uno spazio è dedicato ai Laboratori di Ricerca dell'attuale Sezione di Citomorfologia del Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e al loro contributo al progresso della ricerca scientifica in campo morfologico e funzionale.This illustrated book consists of seven chapters. The first 3, ranging from proto-history to the present day, address most ofhistorical moments of the evolution ofknowledge and teaching in Human Anatomy and related Sciences produced in South Sardinia, the City of Cagliari,its University and Anatomical Institutions. Chapter 4 is entirely devoted to the city of Cagliari Anatomical Theatres and Anatomical Rooms, places previously little known or totally unknown: an itineraryfrom Palazzo Belgranoseat of the Rectorate, to the Anatomical Institute of via Porcell. The latter, opened in 1922-23 has been Cagliari most important Anatomical Institution until 1998. Chapter 5 outlines the historical evolutionof methods used for anatomical studies, from dissection to microscopy,tracing the links of Anatomy with various philosophical and scientific disciplines as well. Chapter 6 summarizes the general chronology and offers a prosopographical insight into the life, thought, and historical-social context of thePersons who have alternated in Anatomy teaching. Besides Professors, Sectors and Assistants, several of whomrenowned protagonists of the international scientific world, are carefully considered. Chapter 7. Finally, we dedicate anample space to the most recent changes that highlight the evolution of the investigation methods applied by optical microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy; they encompass immunochemistry, morphometry, cell cultures, in a constantly transforming academic context. Developments in the last 55 years allowed us to write pages of history closer to our times and rich in memoriesof places, facts and people. They concern the Institute which later became a Department, the PhD program, the museum spaces in which excels the Anatomical Wax Museum, for its worldwide relevance and undisputed beauty of the works. Last, but not least, a space is dedicated to the Research Laboratories of the present-day Cytomorphology Section of the Department of Biomedical Sciences, and their contribution to the progress of scientific research in the morphological and functional field
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
