1,720,959 research outputs found
Using hydrodynamic model on flooding map
No full textConselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqThe urbanization issues is taking place in Brazilian cities has proved disorganized and
thus the floods are becoming a recurring phenomenon.
The growth of waterproofing in urban land decreases the amount of infiltrated water in
the soil during the rainy season, the rivers might otherwise not conform the water
demand in the channels in addition to receive a lot of water runoff
In this context the hydrodynamic modeling is an important tool to assess the drainage
systems and predict the effects of flooding.
This study was applied to the watershed of Ribeirão Anicuns in Goiania, where a
considerable part of the basin is in an urban area. Using the hydrodynamic model HECRAS
were created various flood scenarios with return periods of 15, 25, 50 and 100
years for the project rainfall; there was aid of a geographic information system, using
ArcMap 10.0 to the high-resolution orthophoto city and DEM made from airborne laser
scanner, with this material extracted the geometry of the basin. In hydrodynamic
modeling crafted the model was run in unsteady flow considering the full Saint Venant
equation. In addition to the hydrodynamic modeling was carried out a simulation on the
INPE simplified model called HAND, which turned out to be an inexpensive tool, easily
accessible and with quality results.
With the results obtained (flood hydrograph and flood patches concerning the different
return times) flood areas were shown in different scenarios created, and you can
compare them. The results showed that the flood spot along the basin have become
significantly larger as the return periods grow. In urbanized streams were no major
changes than the changes that occurred in streams away from the urban area. Streams
that are outside the urbanized area focuses on the alert, they are natural streams and
showed that will not support the volume of water resulting from this work.O processo de urbanização que está ocorrendo nas cidades brasileiras tem se mostrado
desorganizado e com isso as inundações estão se tornando um fenômeno recorrente.
O crescimento da impermeabilização no solo urbano diminui a quantidade de água
infiltrada no solo durante o período de chuva, os córregos não conseguem suprir a
demanda da água nos canais, além de receber do escoamento superficial uma grande
quantidade.
Nesse contexto a modelagem hidrodinâmica é uma ferramenta importante para avaliar
os sistemas de drenagens e prever os efeitos da inundação. Dessa forma o presente
trabalho foi aplicado na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Anicuns, no município de
Goiânia, onde uma parte considerável da bacia se encontra em área urbanizada.
Utilizando o modelo hidrodinâmico HEC-RAS foram criados vários cenários de
inundação com os tempos de retorno de 15, 25, 50 e 100 anos para a chuva de projeto;
houve auxílio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas, utilizando o programa
ArcMap 10.0 a ortofoto do município de alta resolução e o MDT feito a partir de laser
scanner aerotransportado, com esse material se extraiu a geometria da bacia
hidrográfica. Na modelagem hidrodinâmica trabalhada o modelo foi executardo no
regime não permanente, considerando a equação de Saint Venant completa. Além da
modelagem hidrodinâmica foi realizada uma simulação no modelo simplificado HAND
do INPE, onde se mostrou ser uma ferramenta barata, de fácil acesso e com resultados
de qualidade.
Com os resultados obtidos (hidrogramas de cheia e manchas de inundação referente aos
diferentes tempos de retorno) foram mostradas áreas de inundação nos diferentes
cenários criados, sendo possível compara-los. Os resultados mostraram que a mancha de
inundação ao longo da bacia se tornaram significativamente maiores a medida que os
tempos de retorno cresciam. Nos córregos urbanizados houve mudanças maiores do que as mudanças que ocorreram nos córregos afastados do perímetro urbano. Nos córregos
que estão fora da área urbanizada foca o alerta, são córregos naturais e mostraram que
não suportarão o volume de água resultante deste trabalho
Evaluation of individual systems of sanitary sewage disposal and onsite sewage cleaning service companies in the Metropolitan Area of Goiânia
No full textThe system collects sewage from the city of Goiânia, capital of Goiás state, has more than 2500 km of collection network, which discharges into the sewer interceptors deployed on the
banks of major watercourses in the city. About 82% of the population of this capital is serviced with sanitary sewer collection system, which the distance from the reality of the
Metropolitan area of Goiânia, constituted the main city, Goiânia, comprising twelve municipal districts: Abadia de Goiás, Aparecida de Goiânia, Aragoiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás,
Goianápolis, Goianira, Guapó, Hidrolândia, Nerópolis, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Senador de Goiás and Trindade. The Metropolitan area of Goiânia and the rest of the country lack
accurate information about the constructive and maintenance aspects of individual systems of sanitary sewage treatment and sanitary sewage disposal, whether as a septic tank or as an onsite sewage facility. The quality and the number of on-site sewage cleaning service companies, their operational procedures, their workers conditions as well as their equipments are also unknown to people. Considering all that, the present work aims to evaluate the constructive and maintenance aspects of individual systems of sanitary sewage treatment and sanitary sewage disposal as well as to make a diagnosis of the performance of on-site sewage cleaning service companies that serve the Metropolitan area of Goiânia. All this information is essential to set corrective measures, plans and goals in order to minimize the impacts
harmful to public health and to the environment as regards to the mud displayed by the on-site sewage cleaning service companies. All of the on-site sewage cleaning service companies that serve the Metropolitan area of Goiânia were identified and visited. As an addition to the useful information, 60 services displayed among different companies were closely watched. It was also determined the average percentage of the monthly treated flow related to the sludge displayed by the on-site sewage cleaning service companies inside the Sewage Treatment Plant of Goiânia. As a result it was verified that the correct use of the septic tank system, which is recommended by NBR 7227/93, is small compared to the house units demand not yet served by the plumbing sewage disposal system. As the users show little knowledge about
the aforementioned system, the type of solution most used to sanitary sewage is still the cesspool. Few companies have environmental license, and most of them are classified as
micro companies and have been in the market for over five years. Just one company was a market leader throughout 2008 and 2009. All companies have not been taking special care concerning both workers and equipments hygiene. Their truck fleet are in average 30 years old and all of them were adapted to receive the metallic tank and the liquid ring pump. The average month amount of sludge coming from sewage cleaning in the Sewage Treatment Station of Goiânia is small and does not alter the final flow quality. The Sewage Treatment Station of Goiânia daily receives an average of 28 trucks, being Friday the busiest day. Despite all companies are aware of the restrictions imposed by SANEAGO as regards to not receiving material other than sanitary sewage, 44% of them realize the collection, transport and final disposal in alternative places with industrial sludge which are clearly contaminated with chrome.O sistema de coleta de esgoto sanitário da cidade de Goiânia, capital do estado de Goiás,
conta com mais de 2.500 km de rede coletora, que descarrega os esgotos em interceptores
implantados às margens dos principais cursos d água da cidade. Cerca de 82% da população
dessa capital é atendida com rede coletora de esgoto sanitário, o que a distancia da realidade
da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG), constituída da cidade principal, Goiânia,
englobando mais doze municípios: Abadia de Goiás, Aparecida de Goiânia, Aragoiânia, Bela
Vista de Goiás, Goianápolis, Goianira, Guapó, Hidrolândia, Nerópolis, Santo Antônio de
Goiás, Senador Canedo e Trindade. Em todo o país, não se dispõe de informações precisas
sobre os aspectos construtivos e de manutenção dos sistemas individuais de tratamento ou
disposição de esgoto sanitário, seja na forma de tanque séptico ou de fossa rudimentar.
Também são desconhecidas características qualitativas e quantitativas das empresas limpafossas,
os procedimentos operacionais adotados, as condições de trabalho dos operários e dos
equipamentos utilizados. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os
aspectos construtivos e de manutenção dos sistemas individuais de disposição ou de
tratamento de esgotos sanitário e diagnosticar a atuação das empresas limpa-fossas que
atendem a RMG. Essas informações são imprescindíveis para o estabelecimento de medidas
corretivas, planejamento e metas que venham minimizar os impactos deletérios à saúde
pública e ao meio ambiente referentes ao lodo disposto pelas empresas limpa-fossas. A coleta
de dados foi feita por meio de visitas in loco e entrevistas com 110 usuários de sistemas
individuais de tratamento e disposição de esgotos sanitários distribuídos entre os 13
municípios da RMG. Posteriormente, foram identificadas e visitadas todas as empresas
atuantes no ramo de serviços de limpa-fossas na RMG. Para complementação das
informações necessárias, foi feito o acompanhamento de 60 atendimentos distribuídos entre
todas as empresas. Foi determinado, ainda, o percentual médio da vazão mensal tratada
referente ao lodo disposto pelas empresas limpa-fossas na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto
de Goiânia (ETE Goiânia). Como resultado, foi verificado que o uso correto do sistema
tanque séptico, recomendado pela NBR 7229/93 é pequeno frente à demanda de domicílios
ainda não atendidos por rede coletora de esgotos. A população usuária apresenta pouco
conhecimento a respeito do referido sistema e a solução mais usada para a destinação dos
esgotos sanitários ainda é a fossa rudimentar. Poucas empresas possuem licença ambiental, a
maioria é classificada como microempresa e já atua no mercado por um período superior a 5
(cinco) anos. Uma empresa tem permanecido como líder no mercado da RMG durante o
biênio 2008 e 2009. Entre todas as empresas, não há adoção de cuidados específicos com a
higiene do trabalhador e com os equipamentos usados. A frota de caminhões apresenta idade
média acima de 30 (trinta) anos, e todos eles foram adaptados para receber o tanque metálico
e a bomba de anel líquido. O percentual médio mensal de lodo de limpa-fossa disposto na
ETE Goiânia é pequeno, e não provoca alteração da qualidade do efluente final. A ETE
recebe diariamente uma média de 28 caminhões, sendo a sexta-feira o dia mais movimentado.
Apesar de todas as empresas estarem cientes das restrições estabelecidas pela empresa
concessionária dos serviços de água e esgoto no Estado de Goiás (SANEAGO), para o
recebimento de material com características diferentes de esgoto sanitário, 44% delas
assumem a realização de coleta, transporte e disposição final em locais alternativos de lodo
industrial, declaradamente contaminado com crom
Support capacity of urban water streams under the technical and epistemological perspectlve of engineering
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEGThe study began with a technical approach to the development of a methodology to determine the
support capacity of urban streams exposed to erosion, based on the identification of the maximum
limit flow, without the channel overflowing, as determining factor of drag stress and of processes
of production, transport and deposition of sediments. During the first field work stage, we defined a
longitudinal section of the Samambaia Stream, located in the city of Goiânia, Goiás State Capital,
Brazil, to collect soil samples, perform infiltration tests and monitor the level of variation water,
with the HOBO U20 equipment. The laboratory stage consisted of testing of physical
characterization of soil and runoff simulation using the Inderbitzen apparatus, to determine
sediment production rate. The information obtained in these two phases, together with the data
coming from the bathymetric surveys of the cross sections and the topographic survey of margins
and of the adjacent areas of said channel have been used as input parameters for the simulation
performed with the use of the 1D model Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System
(HEC-RAS), version 4.1, in order to know the support capacity of the Samambaia stream. Then
was included in the research problem, an argument involving the social and environmental impacts
caused by the activities of Civil Engineering, performing an epistemological reflection,
extrapolating the focus exclusively technical, to the assimilation of new insights into the
interactions between the Civil Engineer and nature, looking for evidence of a possible change to a
paradigm that will contribute to the reduction of urban environmental vulnerability. Thus,
qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with sample composed by
by professionals working in the Engineering Civil and at the same time, teachers of federal
institutions of higher education, forming new professionals in this area. Data analysis was
referenced, especially in the works of Thomas Kuhn and also used the software Web Qualitative
Data Analysis (WebQDA), by favoring the structuring and the categorization process. The results
indicated that the current model adopted by the Civil Engineering is unable to simultaneously meet
the expectation of the population, in relation to better living conditions in urban areas, and respond
positively to social and environmental challenges. Up until today, conflicts in face of these
challenges, constitute indicators of the appearing of anomalies, however, there isn’t a setup for a
paradigmatic crisis.O estudo sobre a capacidade de suporte de córregos urbanos foi iniciado com uma abordagem técnica para a formulação de uma metodologia capaz de determinar a capacidade de suporte de córregos urbanos sujeitos a processos erosivos, embasada na identificação da vazão máxima limite, sem extravasamento do canal, como parâmetro determinante da tensão de arraste e dos processos de produção, transporte e deposição de sedimentos. Durante a primeira etapa de trabalho de campo, definiu-se um trecho longitudinal do Córrego Samambaia, localizado na Cidade de Goiânia, Capital do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, para se coletar amostras de solos, realizar ensaios de infiltração e monitorar a variação de nível de água, com o equipamento HOBO U20. A etapa de laboratório constituiu-se da realização de ensaios de caracterização física do solo e de simulação de escoamento superficial com o uso do Aparelho de Inderbitzen, para se determinar as taxas de produção de sedimentos. As informações conseguidas nessas duas fases, somadas aos dados provenientes do levantamento batimétrico das seções transversais, e plani-altimétrico das margens e áreas adjacentes do referido canal, foram utilizadas como parâmetros de entrada para a simulação, realizada com o uso do modelo 1D Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), versão 4.1, de modo a se conhecer a capacidade de suporte do Córrego Samambaia. A análise desses dados fez surgir uma nova problemática: os impactos socioambientais provocados pelas atividades da Engenharia Civil, que acendeu uma reflexão epistemológica, extrapolando o enfoque, exclusivamente técnico, sobre as interações entre o Engenheiro Civil o ambiente, em busca de indícios de uma possível mudança para um paradigma que venha colaborar com a redução da vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana. Desse modo, foram realizadas pesquisas qualitativas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com um universo amostral constituído por profissionais atuantes na Engenharia Civil e, ao mesmo tempo, docentes de instituições federais de ensino superior, formadoras de novos profissionais desta área. A análise dos dados foi referenciada, principalmente, nas obras de Tomas Kuhn e, como instrumento de análise foi empregado o software Web Qualitative Data Analysis (WebQDA), por favorecer a organização dos dados e o processo de categorização. Os resultados indicaram que o atual modelo adotado pela Engenharia Civil não é capaz de, simultaneamente, atender a expectativa da população, com relação às melhores condições de vida no meio urbano, e responder, de forma positiva, os desafios socioambientais. Concluimos que os conflitos, perante os desafios ambientais, constituem-se indicadores do surgimento de anomalias, no entanto, não há, ainda, a configuração de uma crise paradigmática
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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