1,720,969 research outputs found
L'evoluzione della procedura di bilancio in Francia tra parlamentarismo razionalizzato e nuova governance europea
No full textIl contributo si propone di evidenziare le modifiche apportate dalla Francia alle procedure di bilancio nell'ambito della nuova governance europea. In tale ottica, è necessario sottolineare la centralità delle norme costituzionali che, durante la Quinta repubblica, hanno assicurato all'esecutivo un innegabile primato nel dibattito parlamentare sul bilancio. Inoltre, è necessario esaminare la LOLF (Loi organique relative aux lois de finances) approvata nel 2001 in risposta alla necessità di riorganizzazione e semplificazione del bilancio e la riforma costituzionale del 2008 che ha introdotto un nuovo tipo di leggi (la LPFP, Loi de programmation des finances publiques), chiamato a garantire l'obiettivo dell’equilibrio dei conti pubblici. Il 9 agosto 2012, il Consiglio costituzionale, considerando la conformità del patto fiscale europeo con la costituzione, ha ritenuto superfluo approvare una revisione costituzionale. Sulla base di questo, nel novembre 2012, è stata adottata la LOPGFP (Loi organique relative à la programmation et à la gouvernance des finances publiques): il conseguimento degli obiettivi del trattato è oggetto di future leggi di pianificazione delle finanze pubbliche, mentre il compito di controllare la corretta applicazione delle norme di bilancio è affidato ad un'autorità indipendente. Tuttavia, questa soluzione ambigua, adottata per conciliare la procedura di bilancio con i vincoli imposti dalla governance economica europea, non sembra cambiare i punti di forza tradizionali tra governo e parlamento.This paper focuses on the changes made by France to the budgetary procedures under the new European governance. In this perspective, it’s necessary to underline the centrality of the constitutional rules which, during the Fifth republic, assured the executive an undeniable primacy in the parliamentary debate on budget. In addition, it is necessary to examine the LOLF (Organic Law on Budgetary Acts) approved in 2001 in response to the need for reorganisation and simplification of the budget and the constitutional reform of 2008 which introduced a new type of law (the LPFP, Law of Programming of Public Finances), called to ensure the objective of "balance of public accounts". On 9 August 2012, the Constitutional Council, considering the conformity of the European Fiscal compact with the Constitution, considered it superfluous to approve a constitutional revision. On the basis of this, in November 2012, the LOPGFP (Organic Law on the Programming and Governance of Public Finances) was adopted: the achievement of the objectives of the treaty is the subject of future public finance planning laws , while the task of monitoring the correct application of the budgetary rules is entrusted to an independent competent authority. However, this ambiguous solution, adopted to reconcile the budgetary procedure with the constraints imposed by european economic governance, does not seem to change the traditional strengths between government and parliament
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
La riduzione dei parlamentari in Francia: le ragioni di una riforma mancata
No full textDopo l’approvazione nel 2020 in Italia della riduzione di un terzo del numero dei parlamentari, appare necessario valutare i possibili effetti prodotti dalla riforma sulla rappresentanza politica, sulla rappresen¬tatività del Parlamento, sulla forma di governo e sulla stabilità ministeriale. Seguendo un approccio di tipo compara¬tistico caro al Prof. Paolo Carrozza, il saggio si concentra sull’esperienza francese, segnata dalla presentazio¬ne nel 2018 e nel 2019, nel quadro di un ampio e articolato di-segno di riforme istituzionali sostenuto dal Presidente Macron, di una proposta di riduzione dei componenti dell’Assemblea nazionale del Senato assai simile nei contenuti a quella adottata in Italia (anche se affidata al legislatore organico e non a quello costituzionale), ma ad oggi non ancora discussa dal ParlamentoAfter the approval in 2020 in Italy of the reduction of a third of the number of parliamentarians, it seems necessary to evaluate the possible effects produced by the reform on political representation, on the representativeness of Parliament, on the form of government and on ministerial stability. Following a comparative approach dear to Prof. Paolo Carrozza, the essay focuses on the French experience, marked by the presentation in 2018 and 2019, within the framework of a broad and articulated design of institutional reforms supported by President Macron, of a proposal to reduce the members of of the National Assembly and the Senate very similar in content to that adopted in Italy (even if entrusted to the organic legislator and not to the constitutional one), but to date not yet discussed by Parliament
Il presidente della Quinta repubblica alla prova del macronismo
No full textIl contributo mira a indagare l'evoluzione del presidenzialismo maggioritario che caratterizza la Quinta Repubblica francese. In particolare, le scelte fatte dal presidente Macron durante il suo primo mandato presidenziale vengono esaminate cercando di evidenziarne gli elementi di continuità e discontinuità rispetto alle precedenti dinamiche istituzionali. Pur intendendo operare come capo di stato "jupitérien", quindi non coinvolto nella gestione quotidiana di attività di governo, in realtà Macron non ha preso le distanze dalle tradizionali pratiche del regime. Tuttavia, Macron ha ottenuto solo una maggioranza relativa di seggi dell’assemblea nazionale alle elezioni legislative immediatamente successive alle ultime presidenziali che l'hanno rieletto. Questo nuovo scenario, piuttosto che portare a un’impasse istituzionale e a una crisi del regime, richiederà al presidente la costante ricerca di un compromesso politico in grado di garantire una gestione equilibrata delle dinamiche parlamentari.The contribution aims to investigate the evolution of majority presidentialism that characterizes the structure of the french Fifth Republic. In particular, the choices made by president Macron during his first presidential term are examined trying to highlight the elements of continuity and discontinuity with respect to the previous institutional dynamics. While intending to operate as a "jupitérien" head of state, therefore not involved in the day-to-day management of government activity, in reality Macron has not distanced himself from the regime's traditional practice at all. However, Macron obtained only a relative majority of seats in the national assembly in the legislative elections immediately following the last presidential ones that have relected him. This new scenario, rather than leading to an institutional impasse and a regime crisis, will require the president to constantly seek political compromise and ensure balanced management of parliamentary dynamics
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