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PRAKTIK GADAI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA GADAI PERORANGAN DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi di Kelurahan Kota Alam Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara)
No full textABSTRAK
Dalam masalah ekonomi sering kali manusia melakukan transaksi utangpiutang untuk memenuhi kekurangan dalam kelangsungan hidupnya, baik dengan
menggunakan jaminan (sering disebut hutang gadai) maupun tidak dengan
jaminan. Di Kelurahan Kota Alam, Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan, Lampung
Utara terdapat praktik gadai dengan memberikan jaminan sebuah sepeda motor.
Jadi pihak pertama (rahn) meminjam sejumlah uang kepada pihak kedua
(murtahin) dengan memberikan sebuah jaminan sepeda motor kepada pihak
kedua. Dalam praktiknya gadai tersebut terdapat bunga yang sangat tinggi,
dimana hal ini sangat merugikan pihak peminjam uang. Maka dari latar belakang
tersebut peneliti ingin membahasnya dalam bentuk skripsi.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana praktik gadai
kendaraan bermotor pada gadai perorangan yang dilakukan masyarakat
Kelurahan Kota Alam Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara?
2) Bagaimana tinjauan hukum ekonomi syariah terhadap praktik gadai kendaraan
bermotor pada gadai perorangan yang dilakukan masyarakat Kelurahan Kota
Alam Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara? Penelitian ini
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research). Penelitian ini
menggunakan data primer diperoleh langsung dari responden mengenai praktik
gadai dengan tekhnik pengumpulan data wawancara dan pengamatan sedangkan
data sekunder berupa teori- teori dan norma hukum. Semua data tersebut
merupakan bahan-bahan untuk mendiskripsikan pelaksanaan gadai perorangan
kendaraan bermotor di Kelurahan Kota Alam Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan,
Lampung Utara Kabupaten Lampung Utara.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Pelaksanaan gadai
motor di Kelurahan Kota Alam Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan, Lampung Utara ini
di dasarkan pada perjanjian kedua belah pihak unsur saling kepercayaan yang
sudah menjadi kebiasaan pelaksanaan gadai di Kelurahan tersebut. Dalam
perjanjian diberi waktu satu bulan tetapi jika penggadai menghambat dalam
pembayaran, sehingga menambah biaya tambahan dalam pengembaliannya. Serta
adanya potongan 5% di awal dari nominal gadai sebagai bentuk biaya perawatan
motor selama masa gadai berlangsung, Salah satu ketentuan yang bertentangan
adalah pengenaan bunga sebesar 20% atas nominal gadai, yang dalam perspektif
syariah termasuk dalam kategori riba karena merupakan tambahan dari pokok
utang yang tidak diperbolehkan, dan apabila dalam 1 bulan tidak ditebus bisa
bayar bunganya terlebih dulu untuk jangka waktu, dan apabila bunganya tidak
dibayarkan juga maka motor itu terebut lepas dari pemiliknya/menjadi si pemilik
dana. 2) Pelaksanaan gadai motor di Kelurahan Kota Alam, Kotabumi Selatan,
Lampung Utara belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan hukum ekonomi syariah.
Potongan 5% sebagai biaya perawatan seharusnya dijelaskan dan disepakati
bersama, bukan langsung dipotong dari dana gadai. Selain itu, pengalihan hak
milik motor kepada penerima gadai jika bunga tidak dibayar juga bertentangan
dengan prinsip syariah. Dalam hukum Islam, barang jaminan tidak boleh
langsung menjadi milik penerima gadai, melainkan harus dijual terlebih dahulu
dan hasil penjualannya digunakan untuk melunasi utang, dengan kelebihan dana
dikembalikan kepada pemilik. ABSTRACT
In economic matters, people often engage in debt transactions to meet their
financial needs, either with or without collateral. A debt is the giving of
something to someone with the promise of repayment. Whereas a debt secured by
collateral is the Arabic word for "al-hasbu," meaning "to hold." In Kota Alam
Village, South Kotabumi District, North Lampung, there is a practice of pawning
involving a motorcycle. Thus, the first party borrows money from the second
party by providing the motorcycle as collateral. In practice, this type of pawning
involves very high interest rates, which is very detrimental to the borrower.
Therefore, based on this background, the researcher would like to discuss this
issue in the form of a thesis.
The formulation of the problem in this study is 1) How is the practice of
pawning motor vehicles at individual pawns carried out by the people of Kota
Alam Village, South Kotabumi District, North Lampung Regency? 2) How is the
legal review of Islamic economics regarding the practice of pawning motor
vehicles at individual pawns carried out by the people of Kota Alam Village,
South Kotabumi District, North Lampung Regency? This research is a field
research. This study uses primary data obtained directly from respondents
regarding pawning practices with interview and observation data collection
techniques while secondary data are in the form of legal theories and norms. All
of these data are materials to describe the implementation of individual pawning
of motor vehicles in Kota Alam Village, South Kotabumi District, North
Lampung Regency.
Based on the results of the study, it shows that: 1) The implementation of
motorcycle pawning in Kota Alam Village, South Kotabumi District, North
Lampung is based on an agreement between the two parties, an element of mutual
trust that has become a custom in the implementation of pawning in the Village.
In the agreement, one month is given but if the pawner delays payment, it will
add additional costs in the return. As well as a 5% deduction at the beginning of
the nominal pawn as a form of motorcycle maintenance costs during the pawn
period, One of the conflicting provisions is the imposition of 20% interest on the
nominal pawn, which in the sharia perspective is included in the category of
usury because it is an addition to the principal debt that is not permitted, and if
within 1 month it is not redeemed, the interest can be paid first for the period, and
if the interest is not paid then the motorcycle is released from its owner / becomes
the owner of the funds. 2) The implementation of motorcycle pawning in Kota
Alam Village, South Kotabumi, North Lampung, is not fully in accordance with
Islamic economic law. The 5% deduction for maintenance costs should be
explained and mutually agreed upon, rather than deducted directly from the pawn
funds. Furthermore, the transfer of motorcycle ownership to the pawnbroker if
interest is not paid also contradicts Islamic principles. Under Islamic law,
collateral cannot immediately become the pawnbroker's property; instead, it must
be sold first, with the proceeds used to pay off the debt, with any excess funds
returned to the owner
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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