1,754,040 research outputs found
The High Barind Tract: a challenging drought-prone agricultural environment
Get PDFThe Barind Tract is a distinctive physiographic unit comprising a series of uplifted blocks of terraced land covering 8,720 km2 in northwestern Bangladesh between the floodplains of the Padma (known as the Ganges in India) and the Jamuna rivers (the main channel of the lower Brahmaputra). Spread over parts of the greater districts of Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur, and Bogra of Bangladesh, and Maldah District of West Bengal in India, the Barind includes 773,000 ha in Bangladesh, of which 532,000 ha are cultivable. Rainfall is comparatively low in this region, with the long-term average being about 1,250 mm in the west and 2,000 mm in the northeast, occurring mainly from late April to October.
With a variable rainfall and temperature ranging from 25 to 35 °C (regularly exceeding 40 °C) in the monsoon season, the area is considered semiarid and drought-prone. The aman rice1 (monsoon)-growing season ranges from 180 days in the west to 220 days in the northeast but the frequency of dry periods, particularly in July and August, is the highest in the country. The Barind is at a comparatively higher elevation than the adjoining floodplain and there are two terrace levels—one at 40 m above sea level and the other between 19.8 and 22.9 m. Therefore, when the floodplains go under water during the monsoon,the Barind Tract remains relatively free from flooding and is drained by a few small streams. About 47% of the Barind region is classified as highland, about 41% as medium highland, and the rest is lowlands. Although 55% of the Barind was forest in 1850, subsequent rapid population growth resulted in 70% of the land being converted to arable land by 1970. The area is now characterized by terraced slopes with bunded fields without water control other than drainage by gravity to lower-lying fields and streams
Long-term sustainability in weed management for direct seeding of rainfed rice
No full textSuccessful weed management for direct-seeded rice depends on herbicide use to protect crop yields from weed competition. In irrigated cropping environments,this has a tendency to lead to progressive changes in the weed flora toward intransigent competitive rice weeds. A four-year comparative study of direct seeding and transplanting in the Barind indicated that the weed flora was responsive
to an alteration in crop establishment method but that the composition of the target weed community under all methods had significant similarity. This is argued to be a consequence of seasonal variation in rainfall and flooding regimes. The implications for developing sustainable weed management practices with the use of early postemergence herbicides are discussed
RICHES IPR Strategy Report
No full texthttp://www.riches-project.eu/D2.2 Deliverable Title: Digital Copyrights Framework. RICHES project: Renewal, Innovation and Change: Heritage and European Society.RICHES is at the forefront of re-thinking the intersections between cultural heritage,
copyright and human (cultural) rights in the digitised era. The last two decades have
witnessed significant changes to the ways in which our cultural heritage is created,
used and disseminated. From the once linear, hierarchical and authoritative
relationships between memory institutions and the receiver [user] of cultural heritage
(CH), the digital era is forcing us to re-think every aspect of our cultural heritage
ecosystem. From the meaning to the making of cultural heritage, from the legal
frameworks to the roles of the Institutions, each element and each of the relationships
between elements is under scrutiny. Within this, how should we re-think the
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) framework that supports our cultural heritage system
in order to respond to the changing and challenging times?
The purpose of this deliverable is to investigate the relationships between cultural
heritage, copyright and human (cultural) rights as they provide a platform for, and a
framework within which, cultural heritage is created, re-created and re-used in the era
of digitisation. This enquiry is set within and will inform the environment within which
these changes are taking place and the role of CH in European social, political, legal
and economic development. How the recommendations might play out in practice will
be illustrated through the case studies within the RICHES project as they develop. As
will be demonstrated, how we think about these legal environments within these
contexts will help to shape the way in which the relationships between the
stakeholders are developed and maintained, how CH is produced and consumed,
developed, accessed and preserved in this digital world. Two case studies (Task
T4.2 Co-creation and Living Heritage for Social Cohesion and Task 6.1: Digital Libraries,
Collections, Exhibitions and Users) contextualised within the shift from analogue to
digital, demonstrate how the legal framework recommended in this deliverable in
relation to CH, copyright and human (cultural) rights are played out in practice.
As set out in this deliverable, a question – and a challenge – for the RICHES project, is
as to whether the groups involved in the creation, selection and mediation of CH
within the RICHES case studies could benefit from the cultural rights articulated in the
UNESCO Conventions. The RICHES project gives the opportunity to think about the
legal environments that help to shape the way in which the relationships between
institutions and users of CH are developed and maintained, how CH is produced and
consumed, accessed and preserved in this digital world. It highlights that relationships
are changing and becoming more decentralised as digital technologies present
increasing opportunities to individuals and communities. With increasing cultural
democracy through access to computers and the internet: could the reasons for the
open strategy to culture, as recommended by RICHES, be helpful to Turkey as it
undergoes the reassessment of its authoritative ‘closed’ copyright policy? The
argument for approaching CH and IP contextualised within a Human Rights approach,
as advocated in this deliverable, may form the foundation for the challenges to cultural
hegemony that lie ahead.European Research Council (ERC)This project has received funding from the European Unions’s Seventh Framework programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 61278
Romania’s Foreign Trade, Transportation, Credit System and National Riches in Modern Liberal Economic Thinking
Get PDFThe main aim of this paper is to analyze the consequences in foreign trade, transportation and the credit system of a nation because of the strengthening of the economic organism, through the economic and political reformation. The paper refers to the case of the Romanian Economy for the period 1859-1918. Romania’s modernization and development are the result of the contribution brought by the thinkers of that time, especially by the radical liberal thinkers. At the same time, we should not neglect the participation, more modest however, of the conservative thinkers and their contribution in the economic development of the country.foreign trade, liberals and conservatives, economic thinking, national riches.
Improved weed management for transplanted aman rice
Get PDFRainfed transplanted rice grown in the monsoon aman season accounts for more than 50% of the total area planted to rice in Bangladesh. Because of rising input costs, including labor, farmers are searching for ways to maintain income, by either increasing yields or reducing costs or both. On-farm trials in the High Barind Tract indicated that one-third of the farmers would be able to gain 0.5 t ha–1 or more additional grain by undertaking more intensive or timelier weeding than is usual under current management practices. Higher yields were observed on-farm from a preemergence application of butachlor(1.25 kg a.i. ha–1) compared with hand weeding twice. In Comilla District, trials of a range of weed management practices demonstrated that the yield advantage over the farmers’ practice, either one or two hand weedings, was on average 355 ± 18 kg ha–1 for Rifit (pretilachlor), 281 ± 39 kg ha–1 for Machete (butachlor), and 210 ± 34 kg ha–1 for Ronstar (oxadiazon), each followed by one hand weeding in aman 2003. Partial budgets calculated for inputs and returns showed that hand weeding was less profitable than herbicides in rainfed rice,incurring US49 ha–1 lower return. To date, herbicides have been largely promoted for irrigated rice in Bangladesh. The trial results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions early in the aman season, water levels are adequate for herbicides to work effectively. The use of herbicides allows timely weed control when there is a shortage of labor and avoids transaction costs, such as the provision of meals and time needed to source laborers. Herbicides are likely to be adopted by growers experiencing labor shortages, particularly on large farms and for farmers seeking to reduce input costs. Sharecroppers and tenant farmers who pay rent are primarily concerned about obtaining a high aman yield, so innovations that raise aman yields (such as herbicides that will have a similar effect as a timely first weeding) are also likely to be adopted on sharecropped plots, even when costs are not shared between the landlord and tenant
Farm-level opportunities for increasing productivity and income in the High Barind Tract: a synthesis
No full textThis paper synthesizes recent research by two projects to develop new technology for the High Barind Tract in Bangladesh. Farmers in this complex drought prone
ecosystem usually grow a single crop of transplanted aman rice. The research strategy was to expand the area that could be planted to rabi crops using residual soil moisture by introducing new technology that advanced the harvest of rice and improved yields of chickpea. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) with long-duration variety Swarna and introduced varieties of short-duration rice(SDR) gave earlier harvesting without reducing rice yields. Higher-quality seed, seed priming, and improved crop management also improved the profitability of chickpea. Because the farming system is complex, SDR and DSR should not be seen as prescriptive recommendations but as choices that allow timely rice establishment with variable monsoon rainfall. Dissemination of these technologies requires local partnerships to build a reliable supply chain to deliver
knowledge and inputs to farmers
Combattre la corruption dans les pays riches en pétrole: Le rôle de la transparence
Get PDFLa corruption constitue un véritable fléau dans de nombreux pays riches en pétrole et autres ressources naturelles. Elle est en grande partie responsable du faible développement socio‑économique de ces pays. Depuis peu, il est envisagé d’inscrire la transparence dans un processus de réforme afin de lutter efficacement contre la corruption et d’autres problèmes liés à la malédiction des ressources. Ces constats nous amènent à nous interroger sur le véritable rôle de la transparence dans la lutte anti‑corruption des pays riches en pétrole
Riches
Get PDFWealth is supposed to be the sure means of happiness, and is regarded by many, if not by most, as the highest object of human ambition. The possessors of riches dote with fond affection on them, and they who have not obtained wealth, covet few things so much. ... But there are riches worthy of all sacrifices. These, however, are not the riches of this world: they belong to a better.https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdigitalresources/1299/thumbnail.jp
3. Riches d’autrefois et riches d’aujourd’hui
No full textLéo . 3. Riches d’autrefois et riches d’aujourd’hui. In: Manuel général de l'instruction primaire : journal hebdomadaire des instituteurs. 76e année, tome 45, 1908. p. 477
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