1,722,213 research outputs found
Mobility as a service and gender: a review with a view
No full textThe extent to which MaaS might contribute to gender equity in transport has been considered by some; however, the level of attention paid to the topic varies enormously, and there is significant variation in the data regarding how perceptions and use (or intended use) of MaaS systems might differ between men and women. This research reviews the MaaS literature published in academic journals and draws attention to where gender has been considered, what was found, and what this means for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in their efforts to address gender inequity in transport. A document set of 420 peer-reviewed articles was analysed with respect to the perspectives taken (e.g., technology, user uptake and experience, business and governance) and the approaches or methods used (e.g., case studies, questionnaires, simulation). A series of questions adapted from the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines were asked of each of the 171 articles that were identified as referencing gender in some way. The results and discussions of those works were considered together and framed in terms of the SWOT strategic analysis approach in order to highlight where and in what ways the fundamental nature of MaaS contributes to gender equitable mobility (strengths) or not (weaknesses), the potentially fruitful aspects on which MaaS might capitalise (opportunities), and the challenges and barriers to overcome, as well as the dangers to avoid, in the application of MaaS for gender equity (threats)
“This is where public transport falls down”: Place based perspectives of multimodal travel
No full textNo single transport mode can replace the private car in terms of its support for flexible mobility. Combinations of multiple transport modes are required. If we are to contribute to reduced car dependency it is crucial that we understand what makes such multi-modal journeys difficult. Despite large bodies of literature on mode choice and on perceptions and experiences of various travel modes, few scholars have looked specifically at journeys that combine more than one transport mode. This research fills that gap, taking a qualitative approach to explore end-user perspectives of the challenges therein. Specifically, it focusses on the barriers people in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas perceive when thinking about combining two or more transport modes in a single journey. Thematic analysis of the responses of 146 participants of a series of asynchronous online focus groups revealed an overall picture of challenges shared, with some differences in the relative importance of different barriers for those in different locations. The time incurred, the difficulties in synchronising timetables, and the criticality of each leg’s reliability are core barriers for all, while those in rural areas are more affected by basic service provision and the physical linking of different modes. Of greater significance for urban and peri-urban residents were the complexities around planning a multi-modal journey where there are multiple options available, as well as the facilities available at stations and stops. Results are discussed in terms of interventions that could help people in different residential settings use their car less
''A reservation I have is that presumably no travel app will improve the actual services”: place based perspectives of Mobility as a Service
No full textUnderstanding the perceptions and needs of different types of prospective end-users of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is an important step towards successful scheme and customer-facing app design. The travel behaviour literature typically favours quantitative approaches; however, qualitative methods can offer unique insights in this regard. To this end, this article reports on a series of online focus groups held with 146 residents of a region in which Mobility as a Service is on the cusp of being rolled out. Participants’ perceptions of MaaS, in terms of their information needs, the incentives that might help them use it, and the challenges they perceive, were explored with respect to their place of residence: urban, peri-urban, or rural. Inductive thematic analysis of over 30,000 words of text lead to the identification of a variety of themes and sub-themes. Accurate, reliable, and up-to-date information is a core requirement for all. For those in urban areas, the presentation of multiple journey options, with associated information on travel time and cost, are key. For those in peri-urban areas, detailed route information that facilitates the linking of private transport with public transport, and the facilities available at stations and stops, are of particular significance. For those in rural areas, fundamental service provision limitations hamper the potential for traditional, urban-focussed MaaS schemes reliant on public transport networks. A successful rural MaaS system will be distinct from urban MaaS, with a lesser focus on traditional public transport, and peri-urban residents represent an important target group for encouraging modal shift and improving transport system sustainability.</p
“This is a service for people who can mobilise themselves”: Age and gender perspectives of multi-modal mobility as a service
No full textMobility as a Service (MaaS) has the potential to contribute to greater equity in transport, but it also holds the potential to contribute to greater inequity. The outcome depends on how MaaS is designed, implemented, and marketed. Evaluations of existing systems have yielded mixed results in this regard. Therefore, input from prospective end-users remains crucial for designing systems that cater to different people’s needs. This research gathered that input, exploring people’s experiences of multi-modal travel (i.e., the combination of two or more transport modes in one trip) and their perceptions of MaaS, in the context of age and gender, factors consistently highlighted in discussions of transport inclusivity and equity. Online focus groups were held with 146 residents of a region in southern England in which a MaaS app is being trialled. Thematic analyses were conducted on the responses to three questions: one regarding multi-modal travel, one addressing potential success and failure points for MaaS, and one exploring the types of information MaaS could include. Results highlighted some important differences in the needs of different groups and are discussed in terms of the challenges to overcome and the opportunities to capitalise on when designing inclusive MaaS systems that contribute to greater transport equity
Exploring the impact of online focus group gender composition: insights from a study on gender and transport
No full textDespite considerable attention in the academic domain, end-users of transport systems are rarely directly asked what they think of gender inequity in transport. Shedding light on this could inform education strategies to address such inequities. This research addresses this research gap, revealing how people think about differences in the way transport systems support (or do not support) the safe and comfortable mobility of men and women. It does so via the use of asynchronous online focus groups, to which 114 people contributed. The research also addresses questions around the impact of focus group gender composition on participants’ responses, an issue not previously considered in online or asynchronous contexts. Results suggest there is broad acceptance of women’s transport disadvantage, with men’s views of women’s experiences largely matching women’s own reports. Women’s views of men’s experiences were less reflective of the male reality. Safety and security were commonly discussed; however, trip complexity and other constraints, driven by differences in care roles taken, were discussed less and therefore represent a potential avenue for education strategies. Group gender composition did impact upon responding, with several of the effects previously found in face-to-face focus group research also manifesting in the anonymous, online context
Eco-Driving: From Strategies to Interfaces
No full textEco-driving has the potential to save fuel and reduce emissions without having to make any changes to vehicles or road infrastructure. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the contemporary issues in the human factors aspects of eco-driving strategies and interfaces and the effects on driver behaviour. A review of the literature concerning design, behaviour, and energy use led to an exploration of Ecological Interface Design, and the Skills, Rules, and Knowledge (SRK) taxonomy of human behaviour, particularly with regard to haptic information presented through the accelerator pedal. This book explains that eco-driving can be performed by anyone in control of a vehicle
Observing the observer: non-intrusive verbalisations using the Concurrent Observer Narrative Technique
No full textThis paper presents the application of, and a discussion about, a new method of information acquisition, the Concurrent Observer Narrative Technique (CONT), that requires an expert to narrate the work of experienced colleagues. The method is explored througha case study of instructors in a training simulation environment. The method involves multiple expert users of the system equally matched in experience; one or more of which perform the task at hand, namely running the training session, whilst another, notengaged in the training activity, provides verbal reports whilst observing task progression. All are situated in the work environment concurrently. The method is discussed in terms of the richness and detail of the data obtained from the reports and in termsof some advantages and disadvantages over other verbal reporting methods, specifically collegial verbalisation (Jansson et al. in Cogn Tech Work 8:41–49, 2006) and Elicitation By Critiquing (Miller et al. in Cogn Tech Work 8: 90–102, 2006). It is argued thatthe CONT provides a relatively easy, inexpensive, and non-intrusive method that can supply a wealth of information that does not require further interpretation and that the method is of particular applicability in domains where the subject matter expert isunable to provide concurrent verbalisations themselves and where the subject matter is too complex to be understood by a lay person
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Getting past first base: going all the way with cognitive work analysis
No full textThis paper reports the application of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) to the problem of communications planning in military aviation. Applications of CWA rarely get beyond the first one or two phases; this paper presents an analysis in which all five phases have been completed. The method offers a formative description of the system, defining the set of boundaries and constraints that shape system activity in terms of work domain, recurring activities, decision making, social organisation and worker competency requirements. It is an analysis that is well suited to environments in which the occurrence of unanticipated events can have serious implications for both safety and productivity. Communications planning in military aviation is such an environment. The outputs of the analysis provided an extensive and exhaustive description of the system, highlighting the uneven spread of activity, across actors involved in communications planning and across the situations in which planning can occur. In addition, a new method for informing worker competency requirements based on abstract functions rather than specific decision steps is proposed and discussed in terms of job design, interface design, and person specification.<br/
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