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No full textcomposer handwritten on title pg - "Ricci, L."In bound volumes: Copyright Deposits 1820-186
Industrial Relevance of Asymmetric Organocatalysis in the Preparation of Chiral Amine Derivatives in Methodologies in Amine Synthesis (Eds.: A. Ricci, L. Bernardi)
No full textProvides a unique overview of efficient synthetic routes to one of the most important compound classes in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry!
Amines are among the most important compounds in organic chemistry due to their wide occurrence in natural products, drugs, crop protection compounds, and advanced materials. For example, the majority of drugs are amines or contain functional groups derived from amines. Powerful and efficient methods for the introduction of the amino group are therefore of great importance to synthetic chemists in academia and industry.
Methodologies in Amine Synthesis ? Challenges and Applications presents powerful and state-of-the-art methods for the efficient preparation of amines. It summarizes recent advances in the electrophilic amination reaction, hydroamination, C?H amination as well as newly developed photocatalytic approaches. It further describes organocatalytic and enzymatic routes to the generation of amines under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. In addition, it highlights the relevance of the amino function in bioactive molecules, drugs, and in the engineering of smart materials. Finally, the application of palladium-catalyzed aromatic amination in industrial context is critically discussed.
* Only up-to-date and comprehensive book on the preparation of amines ? one of the most frequently occurring compound classes found in natural products, bioactive molecules, and advanced materials.
* Presents efficient and useful synthetic methods, highlights opportunities/ challenges as well as applications in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science.
* Chapters are compiled by well-known experts in the field. One of them edited the previous books ?Modern Amination Methods? (2001) and ?Amino Group Chemistry? (2007).
The book Methodologies in Amine Synthesis ? Challenges and Applications is a musthave for chemists in academia and industry working in the field of organic synthesis and catalysis, natural product chemistry, drug synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry, as well as materials science
Cytokines in mammalian reproduction and speculation about their possible involvement in nonmammalian viviparity
No full textIn recent years, the secretion of immunoregulatory factors (cytokines) at the
maternofetal interface in mammals has been widely documented. Although cytokine production
seems to be a specific phenomenon in mammalian reproduction, the specific roles of these substances
in different species are still not clear. However, a balance of different cytokine activities appears to
be crucial for regulation of the establishment and survival of the semiallogeneic embryo in maternal
tissues. The apparent immunological role of placental cytokines in the mechanisms of implantation
and embryonic development in mammals has raised the question of whether cytokines are also
involved in the reproduction of nonmammalian vertebrates. Our studies have shown that the
production of cytokines by the maternofetal unit is not limited to mammalian species, but that
interleukin-1 (IL-1)a, IL-1b, and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) are secreted by the placenta
of a viviparous squamate reptile, Chalcides chalcides. Our finding of this parallelism between
reptilian and mammalian reproduction suggests that immunological mechanisms, possibly mediated
by the secretion of cytokines, played an important role in the evolution of viviparit
Prefazione
No full textIl libro restituisce alcune riflessioni esito di un percorso di ricerca e di sperimentazione condotto, a partire dall’inizio degli anni Novanta, nel campo della pianificazione urbanistica, con particolare riferimento al Piano locale, e che trova, nell’esperienza che ha portato all’approvazione del Nuovo Piano regolatore di Roma, non a caso definita un “Laboratorio per la Riforma urbanistica”, il luogo emblematico di anticipazione, confluenza e attualizzazione dei più significativi elementi di elaborazione disciplinare degli ultimi venti anni.
Il libro affronta, dunque, la questione dell’innovazione nel Piano locale soffermandosi in particolare su tre differenti punti focali, fortemente integrati e interattivi: i nuovi contenuti disciplinari, la sostenibilità ambientale e l’ecologia; l’aggiornamento della strumentazione, gli standard urbanistici; i nuovi meccanismi attuativi legati al modello perequativo-compensativo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Immunoregulatory peptides in placental viviparity
No full textPlacental viviparity is a reproductive strategy usually attributed to mammals. However, it is also present in other vertebrate species, e.g. in squamate reptiles and elasmobranch fishes. Viviparity may involve the formation of a placenta, a structure formed by the apposition of extra-embryonic membranes and maternal tissues. Although the immunological mechanisms that allow the survival of the semiallogenic embryo in maternal tissues are still largely unknown, cytokines (peptides with an immunoregulatory action) seem to play an important role.
The presence of cytokines has been demonstrated in the placenta of various vertebrates independently of the species or the type of placenta the species has. Many methodological approaches have been used to show the role of cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface. However, we believe that the evolutionary approach is the most physiological model to understand the importance of such factors in the establishment and maintenance of placental viviparity
Studies on the biological effects of ozone 1. Inductionof interferon gamma on human leucocytes
No full textIn this study we have investigated the effects of ozone on human blood, as well as on resuspended buffy coats and Ficoll-purified mononuclear cells. Samples were exposed at different ozone concentrations (from 2.2 micrograms to 108 micrograms/ml) for 30 sec and then incubated for different times at 37 degrees C in a 95% air-5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. Supernatants were collected and frozen at-20 degrees C until tested for interferon (IFN) activity. We have determined that the ozone concentration is critical for lymphokine induction. In fact, while low concentrations (2.2 micrograms/ml) are effective in lymphocytes, they do not induce IFN in either whole or diluted (1:1) human blood, or resuspended buffy coats. In such cases levels as high as 42 micrograms/ml are required. On the other hand, a very high ozone concentration (108 micrograms/ml) is not effective and probably toxic. Maximal IFN production occurs 72-96 h after ozone exposure, and the kinetics of IFN release is similar to that after Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B addition. Because ozonization of blood is a medical procedure followed in several countries for treatment of viral diseases, this study can open a new field of investigation that may yield useful results both in biological and practical terms
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