222 research outputs found
Economia. Quesiti Quarta Edizione
No full textLa quarta edizione del volume fornisce, in veste completamente rinnovata, una raccolta di esercizi sui temi tipicamente affrontati in un corso di economia politica di base. Esso costituisce il naturale complemento alla quarta edizione del manuale Economia, di Gilberto Antonelli, Nicola De Liso, Giovanni Guidetti, Riccardo Leoncini, Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti e Luca Zamparini, edito da Giappichelli. Segue, infatti, la stessa scansione dei capitoli e la stessa suddivisione di ciascun capitolo in due parti ("per capire" e "per approfondire"), utilizza lo stesso apparato metodologico e la stessa impostazione grafica del manuale. Il presente volume è costituito da tredici capitoli, che affrontano i temi classici della micro e della macroeconomia, e da un'appendice matematica, che introduce nella maniera più semplice possibile il lettore agli strumenti matematici utilizzati nel testo. Ogni capitolo è costituito da un sommario, che sintetizza brevemente gli argomenti trattati, da un elenco di parole chiave, da una serie di quesiti a risposta chiusa (di due tipi: a scelta multipla e vero/falso) e a risposta aperta, corredati delle relative risposte
Linking technological change to organizational design: some insights from a pseudo-NK model
No full textLet it snow! let it snow! let it snow! Estimating cocaine production using a novel dataset based on reported seizures of laboratories
No full textBackgroundData on the cocaine market appear inconsistent, as they tend to show declining prices vis-a-vis steady or increasing demand and a declining supply. This paper proposes an explanation for this trend by providing evidence of an under-estimation of the supply of cocaine.MethodsWe propose a conservative estimate of cocaine production in Colombia for 2008, using data based on all reported seizures from 328 laboratories made by the counteracting organisations operating within the Colombian territory.ResultsOur conservative estimate of 935 tons from the seized laboratories is at least twice the estimate declared in official statistics of 295–450 tons. We are careful to keep all variables to their minimum boundary values. Our methodology could prove to be a useful tool, especially if used in parallel with the standard tools. Moreover, its characteristics (affordability, ease of use and potential for worldwide adoption) make it a powerful instrument to counteract cocaine production
Learning-by-failing. An empirical exercise on CIS data
No full textFailure to innovate has been only recently recognized as one of the key elements in determining successful firms' innovative performance. However, as this literature focuses only on the determinants of firms' failure, it neglects the role of failure in spurring innovative activity. In this paper, the relationship between innovative performance and failure to innovate is empirically tested, through a two step econometric model, on the 2008 CIS Innovation survey dataset. The main results of the paper are, first, that failure is negatively correlated to the firms' experience (proxies by R&D), and to the acquisition of direct external knowledge (through productive links in product and process innovation). Indirect learning from the failures of similar firms is moderated by firms engagement in R&D and in searching for external knowledge. The second step reveals that failure in turn has a positive impact on performance in term of percentage of turnover from new to the market innovative products. Finally, an additional test is performed on still ongoing innovation (rather than abandoned), and the results show a minor impact on innovation activity
How to learn from failure. Organizational creativity, learning, innovation and the benefit of failure
No full textThere are many aspects of failure that could be of value to the organization performance. Failures are results that do not confirm previous expectations and show where and how organizations were unable to cope with the external environment.
Failure appears to be relevant in driving innovative activity, as it operates as a supplementary element to build the organizational knowledge. The impact of failure on innovative activity might have positive implications, especially once they are considered within a dynamic rather than a static framework
Verso il post emergenza Covid-19: 'Business as usual' o nuove opportunità?
No full textLa crisi globalescatenata dal Covid-19 appare difficile da prevedere nei suoi elementi caratterizzanti, sia per la profondità con cui ha colpito i sistemi economici dei paesi travolti dalla pandemia, sia per la difficoltà di mettere insieme i dati salienti per un apprezzamento degli effetti che già fin da ora appaiono di un’ampiezza mai sperimentata in precedenza
Le parole dell'economia politica
No full textQuesto volume offre una descrizione articolata ed accessibile dei principi fondanti
del paradigma economico attualmente dominante, la teoria neoclassica.
Tramite una serie di parole chiave, si discutono i principali concetti su cui si incardina la teoria neoclassica, cercando di mettere in evidenza, a fianco degli innegabili risultati, le difficoltà e le contraddizioni necessarie alla creazione ed alla elaborazione di una sintassi così compatta e seducente. L’utilizzo di parole chiave serve a far emergere come, oltre
alla primazia nel campo accademico,
la teoria neoclassica abbia imposto un lessico particolare anche nel parlare comune.
A fronte di questo innegabile successo,
che ha di fatto imposto i modelli interpretativi e di comunicazione che regolano il nostro mondo, il volume mostra come sia
tuttavia possibile proporre altrettanto
validi scenari alternativi
Measuring China's innovative capacity: a stochastic frontier exercise
No full textWe adopt a stochastic frontier analysis of innovative activity to disentangle countries’
patenting capacity from patenting efficiency.We analyse the determinants of innovative
capacity of a set of 26 OECD countries plus China, over the period 1992–2007, to show if and how China’technological activity is growing faster than commonly held as compared to the most innovative countries of the world. Our results highlight that both internal and external elements jointly contribute to enhance countries’ innovative capacity and efficiency. In particular, while government-funded R&D is more important for innovative capacity, privately funded R&D as well as foreign direct investments
(FDIs) affects technical efficiency (TE). Moreover, as for the whole set of countries, FDIs seem to exert a resource-seeking role (as they negatively affect TE), this does
not happen for China, where FDIs exert a positive effect. Results are robust to the use of alternative measures of innovative inputs (such as higher education expenditure in
R&D and R&D personnel, but also FDI flows rather than stocks). Finally, human capital measures are generally not very effective in enhancing patenting efficiency, apart from
tertiary education
Innovation and inequality
No full textIt is since the seminal contribution of Simon Kuznets (1955), that the analysis of the trade-off between growth and inequality has become a central topic in the economic literature. The conventional view about economic inequality is that its recently increasing levels come to depend mainly from a set of not mutually exclusive but reciprocally reinforcing factors that are identified respectively in technological change, globalisation and the role of institutions. This survey will analyze the impact of technological change on inequality, by focusing on the within-country and the between country perspectives. As for within-country inequality, it acknowledges that technology serves as a key driver of changes in wages and income. The crucial role of technological change is thus mainly linked to the so-called skill-biased technical change hypothesis, according to which skilled workers are favoured by the rapid diffusion of technological change, which requires higher skills with respect to the preceding lower technological level. As a result, wage premium of the skilled workers exceeds that of the unskilled ones, and inequality becomes an inevitable outcome. The between-country analysis of the relationships between technical change and inequality, focuses on the role of institutions in shaping more favourable environments to the diffusion of technical change that, besides an effect on within-country inequality, engenders favorable dynamics within the global economy that allows some countries to experience higher levels of income with respect to others. In this way increasing the level of global inequality.Non
Issues and challenges for smart specialisation
No full textNoneThis chapter analyses the main issues and challenges of smart specialization in the European policy framework. In particular, it focuses on the evolutionary origin of the Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) concept, and its transformation from a sort of neutral sectoral policy tool to a place-based tool for regional cohesion policies. The main theoretical argument underlying the transition of S3 to a regional dimension is the linkage between the process of entrepreneurial discovery, the learning processes based on local competences and the active role of the institutional infrastructure
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