202,157 research outputs found
Flessibilità del lavoro e disintegrazione dello statuto protettivo del lavoro. La prospettiva italiana
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Serious and Organised Crime infiltration in Europe: an overview
No full textThe analysis of case-studies reveal that infiltrated businesses in Europe are instruments used by OCGs to implement their overall criminal strategy. Companies are not only a method by which criminals can benefit from illicit proceeds, once laundered, but serve the OCGs in achieving a variety of objectives
Italy
No full textMuch has been written about SOC and SOC infiltration in Italy by policy-makers, law enforcement, academic researchers and journalists. Italy is the country where the phenomenon of infiltration of legitimate businesses (by mafias) was first acknowledged.
It is also the country that, as a consequence, has developed what observers believe to be the most effective set of investigative and regulatory tools to tackle infiltration - primarily the powerful asset recovery system introduced by the Rognoni-La Torre law in
1982 (European Commission, 2012). Building on previous studies and evidence collected from police and judicial sources, this section provides an update to current knowledge and offers some ideas about how SOC infiltration of Italian businesses could evolve in the future
Maria Pia Riccardi, Sandro Baroni, Marica Forni, Un ignorato pigmento bianco del medioevo latino
No full textLa letteratura medioevale trasmette, anche nelle opere più diffuse, note ed indagate, importanti informazioni circa i materiali e le tecniche delle arti coeve. Alcune di queste informazioni, quasi inspiegabilmente, non sono mai state prese in debita considerazione dagli studiosi di tecniche delle arti che sovente si sono limitati a elencare pigmenti e materiali, più con l’obiettivo di avvalorare l’antichità e l’autenticità di un’opera che di considerarla nel suo specifico contesto di produzione e tradizione. Alla comprensione di questo contesto contribuiscono anche le voci più autorevoli, più diffuse e più note, dell’enciclopedismo latino. In questo contributo si focalizza l’attenzione su un ignorato pigmento bianco tracciato dalle fonti letterarie medioevali quasi un millennio prima di quella che comunemente si ritiene la sua prima attestazione (in un manoscritto inglese del XV secolo). L’obiettivo è in realtà più ampio, quello di contribuire alla ricognizione di una lunga gestazione di usi e sperimentazioni che precedettero l’introduzione di alcuni pigmenti e talvolta la loro produzione industriale. Ciò al fine di evitare semplicistiche applicazioni delle nostre, purtroppo ancora imperfette, conoscenze.Medieval literature transmits important information regarding art materials and techniques, even in the most widespread, well-known, and investigated works. Some of this knowledge, almost inexplicably, has never been given enough attention by historians of art techniques. They have often limited their work to list those pigments and materials that prove the antiquity and authenticity of a specific artifact rather than considering its specific production context and tradition. Moreover, the most authoritative, widespread, and well-known entries in Latin encyclopedias, actually contribute to a better understanding of this context. In this paper, we focus on an ignored white pigment mentioned by medieval literary sources almost a millennium before what is commonly believed to be its first attestation (an English XVth century manuscript). The aim is also to contribute to the recognition of a long development of use and experimentation that preceded the introduction of certain pigments, and sometimes, their industrial production. This contribution will hopefully prevent over-simplifying applications of this realm of knowledge, which remains still imperfect.La literatura medieval da importantes noticias acerca de los materiales y de las técnicas del arte de su época, aspectos que encontramos incluso en las obras conocidas de mayor difusión y que han sido ya exhaustivamente estudiadas. Parte de este conocimiento, casi sin explicación aparente, no ha sido tomado en cuenta por parte de los estudiosos de las técnicas del arte, quienes se han limitado a enlistar los pigmentos y los materiales, más con el afán de corroborar la antigüedad o la autenticidad de una determinada obra, que con el interés de considerar el contexto específico de producción y de tradición. Cabe destacar que las autoridades más difundidas y conocidas del enciclopedismo latino también contribuyen a la comprensión de dicho contexto. En este estudio se focaliza la atención en un pigmento blanco poco considerado, el cual fue localizado en fuentes literarias medievales, encontrándose mención casi un milenio antes de lo que comúnmente se considera como su primer testimonio (un manuscrito inglés del siglo XV). El objetivo en realidad es más amplio, pues se pretende contribuir al reconocimiento de una larga gestación de usos y experimentaciones que precedieron la introducción de algunos pigmentos, y en ocasiones, su producción industrial, esto con la finalidad de evitar aplicaciones simplistas del conocimiento, del cual queda mucho por perfeccionar
Grand banditisme traditionnel and foreign groups: Organised crime infiltration in France
No full textBy relying on police records and reports, data from the French asset recovery agency, and qualitative analysis of case studies, this chapter provides an unprecendented analysis of the infiltration by organised crime groups of legitimate businesses in France. Individuals related to the traditional local 'Grand Banditisme' control firms in key sectors of the French economy, especially in the south of the country; at the same time foreign organised crime groups (e.g. North-African, Balkanic, Russian-speaking) invest widely in companies in the entire country
Focus: Opacity of business ownership in Italy, the Netherlands and United Kingdom
No full textOpacity of business ownership is one of the key ML vulnerabilities of the IARM risk assessment model. Thanks to the access to the largest available data-set on business ownership data at global level (pro-vided by BvD), and to the development of innovative proxies for business opacity. This chapter provides a further in-depth investigation
of these data, comparing results across countries and business sectors and identifying major patterns
and trends. As in the country analysis, the opacity of business ownership is analysed with respect to two
sub-dimensions: • The level of complexity of businesses’ ownership structure as such; • The volume of business ownership connections with shareholders and BOs from risky jurisdictions
Measuring organised crime infiltration in legal businesses
No full textMeasuring organised crime infiltration in legal businesses requires addressing several issues. Building on Black, Vander Beken and De Ruyver (2000) and von Lampe (2004), three methodological steps can be identified. First, key concepts – the notion of organised crime and that of infiltration – must be defined and specified through a set of inclusion rules. Second, key concepts must be operationalised into variables to be used for their measurement. Third, the variables must be linked to available empirical data. This chapter first discusses the challenges in defining, operationalising and measuring organised crime (hereafter OC); it then focuses on how to define and operationalise infiltration in legitimate businesses. It describes the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures and explores further directions in terms of research and data collection
Italy
No full textThis chapter provides the results of the assessment of money laundering risk in Italy. It develops a composite risk indicator at territorial level (for the 110 Italian provinces) and at sectoral level, and discusses the reasons underpinning the distribution of money laundering risk across Italian territories and economic activities
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