1,721,073 research outputs found
WPA Educational Programme on Depressive Disorders - Vol 2 - Physical Illness and Depression
No full textChapter 1: Fahrer R., Creed F, Grassi L.: Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Depressive Disorders
in the Medically Ill
Chapter 2: Lyketsos G.C.: Depressive Disorders in Patients with Neurological Diseases
Chapter 3: Wulsin L.: Depressive Disorders and Cardiovascular Medicine
Chapter 4: Marcus S.: Depressive Disorders in Obstetrics/Gynecology
Chapter 5: Ivanov S.: Depressive Disorders in Patients with Endocrinological Disorders
Chapter 6: Grassi L., Riba, M.: Depressive Disorders in Oncology
Chapter 7: Creed F, Chaturvedi S.: Depressive Disorders in other
Selected Medical Conditions
Chapter 8: Cournos F., McKinnon K., Bradley M.: Depression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chapter 9: Pessin H., Lichtenthal W.G., Sachs E., Breitbart W.: Depressive Disorders and Pain
Chapter 10: Brower K.J.: Depression and Substance Use Disorder
Psychopharmacology in Oncology and Palliative Care: General Issues
No full textAt least 25–30 % of patients with cancer and even a higher percentage of those in an advanced phase of illness meet the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, including depression, anxiety, stress-related syndromes, including severe adjustment disorders, sleep disorders, and delirium. A number of studies in psychooncology have accumulated over the last 35 years on the use of psychotropic drugs as a pillar in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Major advances in
research have also shown the efficacy of psychotropic drugs as adjuvant treatment of cancer-related symptoms, such as pain, hot flashes, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The knowledge about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical use, safety, side effects, and efficacy of drugs in cancer care is essential. The aims of this chapter are to consider the need for an integrated psychological and psychopharmacological intervention, as the concept of psychopharmoncology specifies, favoring the vision of an integrated and multidimensional approach in oncology, and palliative care services as well as in community-based cancer centers
Diagnostic Issues
No full textThe chapter provides a summary of the main issues related to the assessment of the psychological reactions and/or psychopathological disorders in oncology and palliative care. A careful psychiatric interview and a proper mental status examination (MSE) are the means by which a psychiatric diagnosis is made, as a mandatory step when prescribing psychotropic drugs. During the assessment, a detailed description and evaluation of the emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms indicative of a psychiatric disturbance should be carried out. Several other variables need also to be considered (e.g., attachment styles, coping, defense mechanisms, stressful life events, social support) in order to
fully understand the patient’s status. Furthermore, a definite assessment of the patient’s physical functioning and the general medical condition, in liaison with the healthcare professionals, is a necessary component of the psychiatric diagnostic
process. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are the most common taxonomic systems to classify psychiatric disorders. Changes in the diagnostic criteria, especially with regard to the rubrics of adjustment
disorders, depressive disorders, somatic symptom disorders, and psychological factors affecting a medical condition, have however been proposed when the DSM or the ICD are applied in oncology and palliative care settings. The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) are useful for a more
precise identification of psychosocial conditions affecting cancer patients, including health anxiety, demoralization, and somatic symptom presentation of distress. A psychosomatic integrative approach is thus necessary in the psychiatric
diagnostic process
Depressive Disorders in Oncology
No full textCancer is one of the most prevalent medical disorders throughout the world. It is estimated that the incidence of cancer will increase by 50% by the year 2020, with 16 million new cases in the year 2020. At the same time, earlier diagnoses and improvement in cancer therapies have allowed patients to survive with a better quality of life. Depression is among the most common and prevalent psychiatric disorders in cancer patients. Data accumulated over the last 20 years have investigated the epidemiology and pathogenesis of depressive disorders in patients with cancer, how depression influences patients’ quality of life and the lives of their families, and the efficacy of psychiatric and psychosocial interventions in depressed patients with cancer. The chapter examines the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive disorders in cancer patients
CLINICAL PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textPsycho-oncology, as the specialty aiming at studying the psychological, social and spiritual factors that affect the quality of life of cancer patients and their loved ones, has today a specific and unquestionable role in the multidisciplinary approach to cancer. This role has been declined, in several countries, through the development of psycho-oncology services, programs and/or departments with the mission of providing specific activities in terms of clinical care, education and research. Furthermore, guidelines and recommendations on psychosocial care in cancer have been developed and endorsed by the national scientific societies of psycho-oncology as well as by advocacy movements. The main aims of the book are: 1) to present the significant and challenging clinical problems encountered when caring for cancer patients and their families, including assessment, diagnosis and treatment; 2) to describe the best responses to these challenges, summarizing the evidence base and digesting clinical experience where evidence from clinical trials is lacking; 3) to discuss the emerging themes in psycho-oncology, such as genetic counselling, bioethics, cultural issues and cultural diversity; 4) to provide practical suggestions for dealing with special populations, such as children, the elderly, long-term survivors or mentally ill patients.
The book is designed to be easy to read and to reference, with information clearly displayed in concise tables and boxes accompanied by further detail within the text. The editors aim to provide an indispensable tool for junior doctors in training in either psychiatry, psychology or oncology, general practitioners, community psychiatric nurses, palliative care physicians and other members of the multidisciplinary team (with a Foreword by the pioneer in psycho-oncology, Professor Jimmie Holland)
Psychopharmacology in Oncology and Palliative Care. A Practical Manual
No full textThis practical manual presents the main drugs and protocols currently used in the psychopharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders in cancer and palliative care settings and explores the principal issues involved in such treatment. Significant clinical challenges encountered in the psychopharmacological management of various psychiatric conditions are discussed, covering aspects such as side-effects and drug-drug interactions. Attention is also paid to the emerging theme of adjuvant use of psychotropic drugs for the treatment of symptoms or syndromes not primarily related to psychiatric disorders (e.g. pain, hot flashes). In addition, practical suggestions are provided for dealing with special populations, including children, the elderly, and people affected by severe mental illness. The book is designed to be easy to read and to reference: information is clearly displayed in concise tables and boxes, accompanied by further detail within the text and clinical vignettes. The authors include some of the most renowned clinicians working in the field of psycho-oncology
New frontiers and challenges of psychiatry in oncology and palliative care.
No full textThe role of psychiatry in oncology and palliative care has reached a level of recognition in different countries. The chapter summarises the recent develpoments of psychiatry in these two specific medical areas by discussing the most recent scientific literature in the field and by analyzing the sychosocial morbidity in cancer and the role of screening of emotional distress; the ICD and DSM psychiatric nosological systems and the need for further conceptualization in oncology and palliative care, especially for depressive disorders and adjustment disorders and for the rubric psychological factors infl uencing a medical condition; Psychiatry in palliative care: from searching for meaningto the problem of assisted suicide in palliative care; Psychiatry and oncology:
the role for vulnerable sectors of the population; Psychopharmacology: new applications of psychotropic drugs in oncology and palliative care
Introducing Multicultural Psycho‐oncology
No full textStarting from the work of a small group of psychiatrists interested to examine the psychophysiological and emotional factors implicated in cancer and cancer treatment, oncologists quickly started showing a specific need for more precise indications about the psychosocial, behavioral and rehabilitative issues in cancer care. This determined the rapid growth of the psycho-oncology discipline in the USA from the 1970s and subsequently, from the early 1980s, in many other countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, UK, only to cite some. Over the last quarter of century, a bulk of psycho-oncology studies have in fact indicated that 30-40% cancer patients fail to adapt and present emotional disorders – mainly depressive, anxiety and adjustment disorders according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV taxonomic systems – as a consequence of cancer and cancer treatments. The implications and the impact of psychosocial disorders for the patients and the families are of paramount importance in oncology with several studies demonstrating that clinically significant distress is associated to maladjustment, reduction of quality of life and impairment in social relationships, longer rehabilitation time, poor adherence to treatment and abnormal illness behavior, and possibly shorter survival. Thus, psycho-oncology, as the specialty aiming at studying the psychological, social and spiritual factors that affect the quality of life of cancer patients and their loved ones, has today a specific and unquestionable role in the multidisciplinary approach to cancer. This role has been declined, in several countries, through the development of psycho-oncology services, programs and/or departments with the mission of providing specific activities in terms of clinical care, education and research
La cruzada moral antiprostitución : reflexiones en torno al discurso abolicionista de las instituciones antitrata de la provincia de Córdoba
Full text linkFil: Allione Riba, M. Guadalupe. IAPCS - UNVM
Interpersonal Relationship Issues in Psychopharmacology
No full textCommunication is the essential component for good clinical practice within a patient-centered approach, with guidelines empathizing the role of communication and the mandatory need to train physicians in communication in order to assure
optimal psychosocial care of cancer patients, including the psychosocial interview patient assessment, prescription, and follow-up. The aim of this chapter is to briefly summarize some principles of communication when dealing with cancer
patients with psychiatric disorders in order to facilitate assessment and promote adherence to treatment and to suggest guidelines which the clinician may use to achieve these goals. For these reasons, the protocol SPIKES-Rx has been specifically developed to guide doctors in the appropriate interactions to promote patient agreement with recommendations for psychopharmacological management
when psychotropic drugs are prescribed
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