1,721,043 research outputs found
Self-assembling nanocomposites for protein delivery: Supramolecular interactions between PEG-cholane and rh-G-CSF.
No full textPEG(5kDa)-cholane, PEG(10kDa)-cholane and PEG(20kDa)-cholane self-assembling polymers have been synthesised by the end-functionalisati`on of 5, 10 and 20kDa linear amino-terminating monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NH(2)) with 5β-cholanic acid. Spectroscopic studies and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the CMC of the PEG-cholane derivatives increased from 23.5±1.8 to 60.2±2.4μM as the PEG molecular weight increased. Similarly, light scattering analysis showed that the micelle size increased from 15.8±4.9 to 23.2±11.1nm with the PEG molecular weight. Gel permeation studies showed that the polymer bioconjugates associate with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rh-G-CSF) to form supramolecular nanocomposites according to multi-modal association profiles. The protein loadings obtained with PEG(5kDa)-cholane, PEG(10kDa)-cholane and PEG(20kDa)-cholane were 7.4±1.1, 2.7±0.3 and 2.1±0.4% (protein/polymer, w/w %), respectively. Scatchard and Klotz analyses showed that the protein/polymer affinity constant increased and that the number of PEG-cholane molecules associated to rh-G-CSF decreased as the PEG molecular weight increased. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the protein/polymer multi-modal association. Circular dichroism analyses showed that the polymer association alters the secondary structure of the protein. Nevertheless, in vitro studies performed with NFS-60 cells showed that the polymer interaction does not impair the biological activity of the cytokine. In vivo studies performed by intravenous and subcutaneous administrations of rh-G-CSF to rats showed that the association with PEG(5kDa)-cholane prolongs the body exposure of the protein. After subcutaneous administration, the protein t(max) values obtained with rh-G-CSF and 1:14 and 1:21 rh-G-CSF/PEG(5kDa)-cholane (w/w ratio) nanocomplexes were 2, 8 and 24h, respectively. The 1:21 (w/w) rh-G-CSF/PEG(5kDa)-cholane formulation resulted in 149% relative bioavailability, and the pharmacokinetic behaviour was similar to that obtained with an equivalent protein dose of rh-G-CSF chemically conjugated with one linear 20-kDa PEG. A single administration of a 1.5mg/kg dose of a 1:21 (w/w) rh-G-CSF/PEG(5kDa)-cholane formulation induced a high production of white blood cells for 96h
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Measurement of isomeric yield ratios of Rh-99m,Rh-g;101m,Rh-g;102m,Rh-g in the (nat)pd(gamma, pxn) reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50-70 MeV
No full textThe isomeric yield ratios of Rh-99m,Rh-g, Rh-101m,Rh-gg, and Rh-102m,Rh-g isomeric pairs produced from the (nat)pd(gamma,pxn) reactions were measured with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, 65-, and 70-MeV at the 100 MeV electron linac of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The measurements were carried out with the activation method in combination with off-line gamma-ray spectrometry. In order to improve the accuracy of the activity measurements, the separation of the overlapping gamma-rays and the necessary corrections for the counting losses were made. The new experimental results are compared with the theoretical values of the TALYS-1.6 code.111sciescopu
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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