1,721,507 research outputs found
Space hospital: How future space-based medical infrastructures could revolutionize tomorrow's health care system
No full textAfter the first paying passengers on-board the International Space Station (ISS) between 2001 and 2009, a considerable number of space tourism mission concepts has risen, aiming at a large multiplicity of platforms, typically from already existing small size suborbital spaceplanes to future large-scale touristic space stations. On the other hand, many years of space-based research on biological systems has demonstrated how the space environment, and in particular micro-gravity, can introduce beneficial effects on humans for what concerns, as an example, cardiovascular and neoplastic pathologies. When considering the treatments for such diseases, microgravity and exposure of patients to the space environment could represent a visionary healthcare provision in the future space era where affordable, low-risk launch and space transportation systems will be granted and available to everyone. The healthcare space-based infrastructure would benefit from the advancements in space systems introduced by the touristic and commercial space outposts, but by specializing their mission for providing medical treatment to “patient astronauts”. In a far future scenario of an homogeneous, wide access to manned space infrastructures for the large majority of humanity, the patients could benefit from considering microgravity a treatment and a part of an international public medical infrastructure. As an example of the potential diseases to be addressed, microgravity can induce beneficial effects to patients experiencing cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, contributing with a pressure drop and a heart contractility improvement, while the microgravity-driven induction of a lower heart frequency can help patients suffering from atrial and ventricular fibrillation. In addition to cardiac diseases, neoplastic pathologies such as melanoma could benefit from being treated in microgravity, leading to a reduction of the neoplasm aggressivity and with a consequent increase of a therapeutic efficacy. Besides the user-end systems, represented by the space hospital station ECLSS (Environmental Control and Life Support Systems) for long-term permanence in space and by the systems devoted to actually treating patients, huge improvements in all fields of space engineering and manned space explorations shall be introduced. This paper presents a concept for a medical treatment “hospital” space station. After a description of the current trends for commercial and touristic large-scale spaceborne infrastructures concepts, the potential beneficiaries of microgravity treatments are outlined with the disease to be treated. Then, an outline of the space station subsystems and architecture is presented with a roadmap of the key technologies to be dramatically improved for the introduction of similar infrastructures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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