169 research outputs found
Raw Data: The mnemonic tuning for contamination
No full textRaw data of the experiments reported in Fernandes and collaborators, exploring the mnemonic tuning for contamination:
[1] Fernandes, N.L., Pandeirada, J., Soares, S.C., & Nairne, J. (2017). Adaptive Memory: The Mnemonic Value of Contamination. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38, 451–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.04.003
[2] Fernandes, N.L., Pandeirada, J.N.S., & Nairne, J. (2021). The mnemonic tuning for contamination: A replication and extension study using more ecologically-valid stimuli. Evolutionary Psychology, 19, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470492094623
Venous Resection During Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma—A Multicentre Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) Study
No full textBackground: Pancreatoduodenectomy with venous resection (PDVR) may be performed to achieve tumour clearance in patients with a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with venous involvement. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PDVR on PDAC outcomes. Methods: In total, 435 PDAC patients with either R0 status (n = 322) or R1 status within the superior mesenteric vein groove (n = 113) were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study dataset. PDVR patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio with standard PD patients. Comparisons were then made between the two groups (surgical radicality and survival). Results: A total of 81 PDVRs were matched with 162 PDs. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5.7% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.032) and R1 resection rates (17.9% vs. 42%, p < 0.001) were higher in the PDVR group. Risk factors for R1 resection included venous resection (p < 0.001 for sleeve and p = 0.034 for segmental resection), pT3 (p = 0.007), and pN1 stage (p = 0.045). PDVR patients had lower median overall survival (OS, 21 vs. 30 months (m), p = 0.023) and disease-free survival (DFS, 17 m vs. 24 m, p = 0.043). Among PDVR patients, R status did not impact on OS (R0: 23 m, R1: 21 m, p = 0.928) or DFS (R0: 18 m, R1: 17 m, p = 0.558). Irrespective of R status, systemic recurrence was higher in the PDVR group (p = 0.034). Conclusions: Independent of R status, the PDVR group had lower overall survival and higher systemic recurrence rates
Point source outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni infection--are they more common than we think and what might cause them?
No full textDespite being the commonest bacterial cause of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in England and Wales, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are rarely reported. However, data from the Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme suggested that outbreaks might be more common than was previously suspected, since a high proportion of cases reported other illness in the home or in the community at the same time as their illness. To identify factors that might lead to these apparent outbreaks, the exposures of cases of Campylobacter jejuni infection reporting other illness, either in the home or the community, were compared with those for cases not reporting other illness using case-case methodology. Illness in the home was associated with consuming organic meats in the winter, having contact with a pet suffering from diarrhoea or visiting a farm in the 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. Illness in the community was associated with the consumption of foods in restaurants or drinking unpasteurized milk. Prevention of campylobacter infection requires that better methods of outbreak detection and investigation are developed, which in turn should lead to a better understanding of risk factors
A Case Study of Web-Based Communication for Online Teaching and Learning at a Christian University in Buddhist Thailand
No full textQuality education, which is the fourth element of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, suffered dramatically in the time of the pandemic. Unprepared, most academic institutions started to embark on web-based education. This research addressed the most and least effective learning experiences for both students and instructors in online learning and teaching. This case study employed both descriptive statistical data and qualitative information to have a well-rounded understanding of the phenomenon of digital education. This study used non-random, purposive, convenience, snowball, and quota sampling methods to invite research collaborators. Thematic analysis was employed to obtain rich qualitative insights that supplement the quantitative data. The raw data was collected from both instructors and students who were engaged in online education during the pandemic. The findings revealed that both instructors and students complained that the least effective learning experiences is the poor internet connectivity, as it is an obstacle that interrupted smooth flowing online learning and teaching. By presenting real-world insights, stressing significant findings, and offering recommendations, this article contributes to a more profound comprehension of web-based classroom. In this period of re-globalization after the end of the pandemic, online education is now mainstream
Postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy for malignancy: results from the Recurrence After Whipple's (RAW) study
No full textBackground: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Surgeons should have a sound understanding of the potential complications for consenting and benchmarking purposes. Furthermore, preoperative identification of high-risk patients can guide patient selection and potentially allow for targeted prehabilitation and/or individualized treatment regimens. Using a large multicentre cohort, this study aimed to calculate the incidence of all PD complications and identify risk factors. Method: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a retrospective cohort study of PD outcomes (29 centres from 8 countries, 2012–2015). The incidence and severity of all complications was recorded and potential risk factors for morbidity, major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo grade > IIIa), postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) and 90-day mortality were investigated. Results: Among the 1348 included patients, overall morbidity, major morbidity, POPF, PPH and perioperative death affected 53 per cent (n = 720), 17 per cent (n = 228), 8 per cent (n = 108), 6 per cent (n = 84) and 4 per cent (n = 53), respectively. Following multivariable tests, a high BMI (P = 0.007), an ASA grade > II (P < 0.0001) and a classic Whipple approach (P = 0.005) were all associated with increased overall morbidity. In addition, ASA grade > II patients were at increased risk of major morbidity (P < 0.0001), and a raised BMI correlated with a greater risk of POPF (P = 0.001). Conclusion: In this multicentre study of PD outcomes, an ASA grade > II was a risk factor for major morbidity and a high BMI was a risk factor for POPF. Patients who are preoperatively identified to be high risk may benefit from targeted prehabilitation or individualized treatment regimens.</p
Serious complications of pancreatoduodenectomy correlate with lower rates of adjuvant chemotherapy: results from the recurrence after Whipple's (RAW) study
No full textIntroduction: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) can prolong overall survival (OS) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, fitness for AC may be influenced by postoperative recovery. We aimed to investigate if serious (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ IIIa) postoperative complications affected AC rates, disease recurrence and OS. Materials and methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple's (RAW) study (n = 1484), a retrospective study of PD outcomes (29 centres from eight countries). Patients who died within 90-days of PD were excluded. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare OS in those receiving or not receiving AC, and those with and without serious postoperative complications. The groups were then compared using univariable and multivariable tests. Results: Patients who commenced AC (vs no AC) had improved OS (median difference: (MD): 201 days), as did those who completed their planned course of AC (MD: 291 days, p < 0.0001). Those who commenced AC were younger (mean difference: 2.7 years, p = 0.0002), more often (preoperative) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I-II (74% vs 63%, p = 0.004) and had less often experienced a serious postoperative complication (10% vs 18%, p = 0.002). Patients who developed a serious postoperative complication were less often ASA grade I-II (52% vs 73%, p = 0.0004) and less often commenced AC (58% vs 74%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: In our multicentre study of PD outcomes, PDAC patients who received AC had improved OS, and those who experienced a serious postoperative complication commenced AC less frequently. Selected high-risk patients may benefit from targeted preoperative optimisation and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</p
France Research Documents (Regional Systems of France)
No full textThe G.W. Skinner Archive held at the University of Washington includes
eight boxes of materials related to his work on France. This archive includes a large collection of raw data for the study of demographic change in 19th century France, several small collections of scholarship relevant to the interpretation of French demographic history, and correspondence with collaborators and colleagues. Archived here is the index and overview written by Zachary Smith, on behalf of Proffessors William Lavely and Stevan Harrell
Linking farmers to markets through valorisation of local resources:the case for intellectual property rights of indigenous resources
No full textThis is the scientific report from a research programme which explored the current lack of a suitable public system for protecting GIs in Southern Africa. In contrast to the European Union, the current South African legal framework only provides for the protection of GIs as collective and, in certain circumstances, as certification trademarks. The lack of a public system through which to valorize GIs was identified as excluding resource poor farmers (but also commercial larger scale farmers) from a potentially useful tool for improving their market access. The need for a public system of protection also emanates from the significance of the wild resources found in South Africa and Namibia, which are often the only source of income for resource poor communities and which is threatened by bio‐piracy. It thus appeared important to assess the merits of developing an institutional framework for protecting GIs in Southern Africa and to evaluate the needs for a sui generis legal system. Secondly, an analysis was done of the local dynamics based on specific agro‐food products. Two central questions were therefore addressed in this study: "How can local communities successfully protect their resources and differentiate their production through GIs?" and "What is the nature and extent of the required institutional and legal framework to achieve this objective?”.Geographical indications; indigenous resources; intellectual property rights; collectivae action; Southern Africa
Study of workload and fatigue level in personnel of an IPS in the city of Medellin
No full textRESUMEN: El presente estudio determinó el nivel de fatiga percibida por los colaboradores de una IPS en la ciudad de Medellín, su relación con la carga de trabajo y el tiempo de sueño. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, donde se aplicó la metodología de NASA RAW- RTLX para establecer el índice global de la carga de trabajo y el peso por cada una de sus dimensiones, además se utilizó la escala de Samn Perelli para determinar el nivel de fatiga antes y después de cada turno de trabajo. Como resultado se observó que el nivel de fatiga percibida antes y después de la jornada laboral era bajo, se halló relación significativa de la carga de trabajo y la fatiga, entre la fatiga antes y después de la jornada de trabajo, pero no se relacionó con el tiempo laborado. Se halló que la dimensión de la carga de trabajo que más peso mostró frente a la fatiga fue la frustración.ABSTRACT
The present study determined the level of fatigue perceived by the collaborators of an IPS in the city of
Medellin, its relationship with workload and sleep time. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, where
the NASA RAW- RTLX methodology was applied to establish the global index of workload and the
weight for each of its dimensions, in addition, the Samn Perelli scale was used to determine the level of
fatigue before and after each work shift. As a result, it was observed that the level of fatigue perceived
before and after the workday was low, a significant relationship was found between workload and
fatigue, between fatigue before and after the workday, but it was not related to the time worked.
Frustration was found to be the dimension of workload that showed the most weight in relation to fatigueEspecializaciónEspecialista en Ergonomi
Linking farmers to markets through valorisation of local resources: the case for intellectual property rights of indigenous resources
No full textAgribusiness,
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