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The Gender-Related Differences of Nutrient Intakes in a Group of Italian Obese Patients Display the Ongoing Transition from Mediterranean to Western Dietary Patterns
No full textBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare nutrients and energy intakes between obese women and men and the variation rates over or below the recommended dietary allowances. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted on the records of obese patients, categorized into gender-related groups (36 women, 36 men). Total energy and nutrient intakes were determined. Results: The highest variation rates were found for animal protein, averaging 225 % over the recommended dietary allowance, without significant differences between women and men. The simple carbohydrate intake was quite elevated in women with variations almost 80 % over the RDA, significantly higher than in men (22 %). Conclusion: The consumption of high-protein foods in both sexes, and even more the association with high-simple-carbohydrate foods in women, display the Westernization of traditional eating habits. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
THE WESTERNIZATION OF THE TRADITIONAL ITALIAN EATING HABIT AND THE INCREASE OF OBESITY IN OUR COUNTRY
No full textBackground and aim: Few contributions reported detailed informations on the diet composition in Italian obese subjects (Ricci G et al, 2011). However in the last two decades obesity prevalence has increased by 25% in our country (ISTAT, 2000). The aim was to investigate the dietary pattern by means of
qualitative and quantitative determination of food intake in a rappresentative sample of obese subjects.Material and methods: A total of 152 obese and severely obese subjects were admitted to the study. Anthropometric data were collected at the admission, under informed consent. Dietary habits were assessed with detailed questioning by an experienced nutritionist using a computed database which determined nutrient intakes, according to the Italian table of food composition. The recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for the Italian population were used as the reference range.
Results: The values are expressed as 50th (25th, 75th) 95th percentile in the tables. The comparisons with RDA show a significant difference for all intakes. In particular, proteins and fats are twice the RDA; animal proteins arethree times the RDA.
Conclusions: Instead of the prevalent intake of complex carbohydrate (bread and pasta), the excessive consumption of protein, especially animal protein, could account for the oncoming Westernization in traditional Italian eating habit (Inelmen EM et al, 2008). The recent changes of the Mediterranean diet can explain the dramatic rise of obesity prevalence in our country
IS THE TRADITIONAL DIET DISAPPEARING AT THE SAME TIME AS THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IS INCREASING IN ITALY? EVALUATION OF EATING HABITS IN A GROUP OF ITALIAN OBESE FEMALE PATIENTS
No full textINTRODUCTION: The nutrition transition from traditional to Western dietary patterns could account for the dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in Italy (1).
AIMS & METHODS: We describe the dietary patterns in a group of obese Italian female patients. A retrospective survey was conducted on the records of 113 obese (BMI 40.27.0 kg/m2) female inpatients aged 19-60 y (mean 40.5 y). Anthropometric measurements and dietary patterns were obtained from therecords. Dietary habits were recorded by detailed questioning and computed database determined the nutrient intakes. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for the Italian population were used as the reference range. The sample was also divided, according to age, into three groups (19-35y, 36-45y, 46-60y). Statistical analysis was performed by PASW 18.0.
RESULTS: The table shows the variations, as percentages, of the nutrient intakes over or below the RDAs. The values are expressed as 50th (25th, 75th) percentile. Animal protein intakes averaged 266% over the RDAs in the whole sample, with median variations from 241 to 278% among the age groups. The intake rates of total carbohydrates (CHO) were minimally higher on average (15-19%) than the RDAs. The simple CHO intake averaged 67-90% over RDAs. The OMEGA-6/OMEGA-3 fatty acid ratio was about 100% over the RDA, without significant differences among age groups. Moreover the intakes of !-6 fatty acids was 64% over the RDA, but in the younger group the variation rate from the RDA was
significantly higher (72%, p<0.05) than in the older group (50%). Nutrients with protective effects, such as PUFA and OMEGA-3 fatty acids, averaged 35-48% and 11-19% below RDAs, respectively. CONCLUSION: We observed that the highest variation rates were not found for total carbohydrates or simple carbohydrates, as could be expected, but for fat and protein, and especially for animal protein. Moreover the excessive consumption OMEGA-6 fatty acid, with unbalanced OMEGA-6/OMEGA-3 fatty acid ratio, could show a tendency to change the traditional Italian diet towards Western eating habits. However there was no significant difference between younger and older people
Is the traditional diet disappearing at the same time as the prevalence of obesity is increasing in Italy? Evaluation of eating habits in a group of Italian obese female patients
No full textBackground and aim: The nutrition transition from traditional to Western
dietary patterns could account for the dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in Italy. We describe the dietary patterns in a group of obese Italian female patients.
Material and methods: A retrospective survey was conducted on the records of 113 obese (BMI 40.2±7.0 kg/m2) female inpatients aged 19-60 y (mean 40.5 y). Anthropometric measurements and dietary patterns were obtained from the records. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for the Italian population were used as the reference range. The sample was also divided, according to age, into three groups (19-35y, 36-45y, 46-60y). Statistical analysis was performed by PASW 18.0 software.
Results: The table shows the variations, as percentages, of the nutrient intakes over or below the RDAs. The values are expressed as Median, 25th, 75th percentile. In all patients and in all age groups, animal protein intakes averaged 266% over the RDAs in the whole sample, with median variations from 241 to 278% among the age groups. The intake rates of total carbohydrates were minimally higher on average (15-19%) than the RDAs. The simple carbohydrate intake averaged 67-90% over RDAs. The O-6/O-3 fatty acid ratio was about 100% over the RDA, without significant differences among age groups. Nutrients with protective effects, such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and &-3 fatty acids, averaged 35-48% and 11-19% below RDAs, respectively. The fiber intake averaged 12-20% below the RDA. No significant difference was found among the age groups for any variation of nutrient intakes versus correspondent RDAs.
Conclusions: The excessive consumption of foods with a high animal protein content and &-6 fatty acid with unavoidably unbalanced O-6/O-3 fatty acid ratio could show a tendency to change the traditional Italian diet towards Western eating habits. This habit does not differ among the age groups
COMPARISON WITH SEX-MATCHED OBESE PATIENTS OF METABOLIC-HEPATIC LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS AND DIETARY HABITS: NUTRIENT AND ENERGY INTAKES
No full textBackground and aim: Inadequate dietary habits are strongly related to the
development of obesity and metabolic/hepatic diseases. Non-normal serum assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are widely considered as the
hallmarks of liver and metabolic dysfunction in obese subjects. The aim was to
compare the metabolic-hepatic laboratory measurements and the food intakes
(nutrients and energy) with sex-matched obese patients.
Material and methods: A total of 72 obese patients (36M/36F; age 28-53
yr, median 40 yr) were admitted to the study. HBV(+), HCV(+), alcohol
consumption >30g/day, and steatogenic drugs were exclusion criteria. Anthropometric
and laboratory data were recorded. The homeostasis model
assessment of insulin resistance was calculated (HOMA-IR >2.5). The upper
normal limit of ALT levels was set at 35 U/l. Dietary habits were recorded by
detailed questioning and a computed database determined the nutrient intakes.
The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for the Italian population were
used for reference range. The statistical analysis was performed with PASW
18.0 software.
Results: Anthropometric, laboratory data, and the daily intakes of nutrients
and energy are shown in the Table. Men showed a higher prevalence of
non-normal ALT. The comparison with RDAs showed significant differences
for most intakes. Protein, animal protein, fat, and MUFA were significantly
higher in Men than in Women. Among those nutrients with protective effects,
PUFA intakes were significantly lower than RDAs in both groups. Total energy
and energy from each major nutrient were higher than respective RDAs in
both sexes.
Conclusions: Both groups showed a high prevalence of IR without signficant
differences between Men and Women. Men showed an increased prevalence
of non-normal ALT. It should be noted the higher consumption of protein,
especially animal protein and MUFA in Men. In both sexes the excessive
protein consumption and increased O-6 fatty acid intake with unbalanced
O-6/O-3 fatty acid ratio would enhance the risk of IR and liver damage, as
previously reported (Zelber-Sagi et al, 2007)
THE ROLE OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION IN OBESE PATIENTS
No full textBackground and aim: In obesity NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance (IR), that may induce advanced liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis, through NASH. BARD score (BMI, AST/ALT Ratio, Diabetes mellitus) is reported to predict accurately advanced liver fibrosis (score >= 2 points). Liver damage could be also affected by inadequate nutrient intakes in obese subjects. The aim was to investigate in obese patients the relationships between nutrient intakes and the markers of metabolic and liver dysfunction.
Material and methods: From June 2010 to September 2014, 198 obese (BMI 40.4±6.5 kg/m2) inpatients (F 150, aged 42.5±11.4 yr) were admitted to the study, under their informed consent. HOMA-IR (values>2.5) and BARD score
(>=2 points) were calculated. Patients with T1DM, HBV (+), HCV (+), alcohol abuse, and steatogenic drugs in the history, were excluded. Dietary habits were obtained by detailed questioning and the recommended dietary allowances
(RDAs) for the Italian population were used as the reference range. To highlight the variation of each selected nutrient from the corresponding RDA, we calculated the rate of variance, as a percent value, over or below the RDA. Results: The following prevalences were observed, T2DM (11.1%), HOMAIR >2.5 (67.2%), AST/ALT ratio >0.8 (53.5%), BARD score >=2 points(42.4%). The rate of variances for each nutrient, as percent values, overor below the RDA, are reported in the table, expressed as 50th, 25th, 75th percentile. The logistic regression shows that BARD score >=2 points is significantly associated with the very low intake of PUFA which is, as median, 42% below the RDA (OR 5.3; 95% CI: 1.8–37.5). The inadequately low intake of PUFA is significantly associated with the HOMA-IR (OR 9.8; 95% CI:1.7–57.2). On the other hand the excessive -6 fatty acid intake, 60% over the RDA in the median value, is significantly associated with a positive BARD
score (OR 8.2; 95% CI: 1.8–37,5).
Conclusions: We observed that the highest variation rates were for fat and protein, and especially for animal protein, averaging 273% over the RDA, without significant association with the investigated markers. The low PUFA
intake is associated with increased risk of IR and liver dysfunction. The excessive -6 fatty acid intake, highly associated with positive BARD score, suggests a close relation with liver inflammation and fibrosis, probably due to the increased levels of 6-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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