1,721,399 research outputs found
Surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma — Western versus eastern attitude
Full text linkHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumour and represents a significant health burden. The different characteristics of the disease in the various parts of the world, as much as economic and social features, explain only partially the great diversity in the treatment options offered to patients in different countries. The most apparent contrast in term of tumour management is between the western and eastern world. Striking differences involve not only the attitude towards indications for liver transplantation or liver resection but also the surgical techniques adopted. Although remarkable signs of progress have been achieved in surgical and pharmacological fields, univocal guidelines are yet lacking, preventing effective comparisons between retrospective studies and clinical trials. This review aims to analyse and compare some of the most relevant and essential traits of the eastern and western therapeutic strategy against HCC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
In favor of the Jarnagin-Blumgart classification.
No full texte would like to congratulate Ito et al for their excellent study that emphasized the important topic of extrahepatic bile duct resec- tion combined with hepatectomy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.1 We would also like to highlight some aspects of their report and relate it to our own experience. On the basis of our own clinical in- vestigation we fully agree that right or left sided hepatectomy associated with extrahe- patic bile duct resection represent the only surgical procedure that can achieve a com- plete cure with improved survival.2 The Au- thors described an excellent outcome in pa- tients treated with major hepatic resection combined with en-bloc extrahepatic bile duct resection, that were associated with higher R0 resection rate (P 0.0006) and improved disease specific survival and disease free survival (P 0.0005). Moreover it is extremely important, and for this the authors deserve sincere con- gratulations, the demonstration that with op- timal surgical management, a decreased in- cidence of local recurrence can be obtained in patients who undergo bile duct resection combined to hemihepatectomy (P 0.031). Ito et al emphasize the ability to obtain an R0 resection and improved disease specific and disease free survival in patients who undergo concomitant major liver resection. The conclusions reported by Ito et al, about the need for “routine� combined hep- atectomy with bile duct resection are con- vincing. This procedure can be performed safely and is more likely to be associated with histologically negative resection mar- gin. We therefore strongly agree with Ito et al while we are concerned about the curative role of the local hilar resection without hep- atectomy. We believe that no patients can be effectively cured with R0 resection by this limited procedure. This is due to the strong propensity of this highly locally invasive tumor to infiltrate the surrounding tissues, vascular structures and proximal bile duct along the perineural perivascular spaces and lymphatics. For these reasons it is inevitable that residual tumor frequently remains when local resection for hilar bile duct is not asso- ciated to major hepatic resection. However to draw the conclusions above, there are major issues to be discussed. The first issue concerns the appropriate definition of microscopic margin involvement that in the study by Ito et al was done “gener- ally� and not “routinely� by frozen sectio
Xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human liver disease
No full textOBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the level and the form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) in severely diseased human livers, to ascertain whether the modifications of the enzyme activity reported in experimental pathology also occur in human liver disease. METHODS: Total, dehydrogenase, and oxidase activities of XOR were measured in samples of human liver removed for transplantation or partial hepatectomy. Samples included four groups: 1) histologically normal liver tissue, adjacent to metastases from extrahepatic tumors (controls), 2) liver with virus-related cirrhosis; 3) liver with virus-negative cirrhosis, and 4) hepatocellular carcinoma tissue (HCC). RESULTS: The level of total XOR was significantly higher in liver with virus-related cirrhosis, but not in virus-negative cirrhosis, than in controls. In virus-positive cirrhosis, the total XOR activity correlated positively with the level of ALT. The percentage of XOR oxidase activity in cirrhotic liver, regardless of virus infection, correlated positively with aspartate amino-transferase, bilirubin concentration, and partial thromboplastin time, and negatively with prothrombin time. The activity of XOR was significantly lower in HCC than in control tissue or in a nonneoplastic area of the same liver. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous reports in experimental pathology, the level of XOR was increased in cirrhotic liver, in association with viral infection. This increment correlated with ALT, suggesting a relationship between XOR activity and the extent of liver injury caused by viral replication. The percentage of oxidase activity seems to be correlated with tissue damage and consequent liver impairment. The low XOR activity observed in HCC is consistent with reported experimental pathology. © 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology
Surgical treatment of rectal tumors
No full textL'escissione chirurgica del carcinoma del retto rappresenta attualmente l'unica terapia in grado di offrire possibilità di cura per tale malattia. TME, i margini circonferenziali e la radioterapia neoadiuvante preoperatoria rappresentano l'innovazione piu' significativa in termini di stadiazione ed efficacia della terapi
ABYSSAL BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN THE POLAR FRONT REGION (PACIFIC SECTOR): FAUNAL COMPOSITION, STANDING STOCK AND SIZE STRUCTURE
No full textWe have evaluated the quantitative composition of Rose Bengal-stained benthic foraminiferal assemblages of surface samples from two box cores (ANTA98-28 bc; ANTA01-01 bc) collected at the Polar Front in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Size structure, faunal composition and standing stock were analysed for living (Rose Bengal-stained) and dead foraminifera. The size fractions among 63-150, 150-250 and >250 mu m were counted separately in order to study the foraminiferal size distribution and to compare our results with earlier Antarctic studies. The low organic carbon content of the sediment, and hence the limited food availability, is reflected by very low standing stocks and low diversity values. Calcareous taxa dominated dead foraminiferal assemblages that were more diverse than the stained assemblages. In the sediment samples of ANTA01-01 bc, the living fauna contained agglutinated taxa and soft-shelled monothalamous forms. Our data represent the southernmost record of benthic foraminiferal community (63 degrees S) from the Polar Front region in the Pacific sector. These samples provide further evidence for the occurrence of meiofaunal foraminifera in extreme environments, like the Antarctic region, where the uncoupled annual variations in temperature and production cause strong effects on the structure of benthic communities
Abyssal benthic foraminifera in the Polar Front Region (Pacific Sector): faunal composition, standing stock and size structure.
No full textWe have evaluated the quantitative composition of Rose Bengal-stained benthic foraminiferal assemblages of surface samples from two box cores (ANTA98-28 bc; ANTA01-01 bc) collected at the Polar Front in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Size structure, faunal composition and standing stock were analysed for living (Rose Bengalstained) and dead foraminifera. The size fractions among 63-150, 150-250 and >250 μm were counted separately in order to study the foraminiferal size distribution and to compare our results with earlier Antarctic studies. The low organic carbon content of the sediment, and hence the limited food availability, is reflected by very low standing stocks and low diversity values. Calcareous taxa dominated dead foraminiferal assemblages that were more diverse than the stained assemblages. In the sediment samples of ANTA01-01 bc, the living fauna contained agglutinated taxa and soft-shelled monothalamous forms. Our data represent the southernmost record of benthic foraminiferal community (63° S) from the Polar Front region in the Pacific sector. These samples provide further evidence for the occurrence of meiofaunal foraminifera in extreme environments, like the Antarctic region, where the uncoupled annual variations in temperature and production cause strong effects on the structure of benthic communities
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