196 research outputs found
T and B Cell Receptors Discriminate Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Conformations Influenced by the Invariant Chain
No full textComparative Analysis of the Regulatory T Cells Dynamics in Peripheral Blood in Human and Porcine Polytrauma
Full text linkBackgroundSeverely injured patients experience substantial immunological stress in the aftermath of traumatic insult, which often results in systemic immune dysregulation. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in the suppression of the immune response and in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. Little is known about their presence and dynamics in blood after trauma, and nothing is known about Treg in the porcine polytrauma model. Here, we assessed different subsets of Treg in trauma patients (TP) and compared those to either healthy volunteers (HV) or data from porcine polytrauma.MethodsPeripheral blood was withdrawn from 20 TP with injury severity score (ISS) ≥16 at the admittance to the emergency department (ED), and subsequently on day 1 and at day 3. Ten HV were included as controls (ctrl). The porcine polytrauma model consisted of a femur fracture, liver laceration, lung contusion, and hemorrhagic shock resulting in an ISS of 27. After polytrauma, the animals underwent resuscitation and surgical fracture fixation. Blood samples were withdrawn before and immediately after trauma, 24 and 72 h later. Different subsets of Treg, CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, CD4+CD25+CD127−, and CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3+ were characterized by flow cytometry.ResultsAbsolute cell counts of leukocytes were significantly increasing after trauma, and again decreasing in the follow-up in human and porcine samples. The proportion of human Treg in the peripheral blood of TP admitted to the ED was lower when compared to HV. Their numbers did not recover until 72 h after trauma. Comparable data were found for all subsets. The situation in the porcine trauma model was comparable with the clinical data. In porcine peripheral blood before trauma, we could identify Treg with the typical immunophenotype (CD4+CD25+CD127−), which were virtually absent immediately after trauma. Similar to the human situation, most of these cells expressed FoxP3, as assessed by intracellular FACS stain.ConclusionDespite minor percental differences in the recovery of Treg populations after trauma, our findings show a comparable decrease of Treg early after polytrauma, and strengthen the immunological significance of the porcine polytrauma model. Furthermore, the Treg subpopulation CD4+CD25+CD127− was characterized in porcine samples
Focusing the Village: Satyajit Ray\u27s Pather Panchali and Prafulla Mohanti\u27s My Village, My Life
Full text linkGandhi insisted that the spirit of India lives in its villages, but the drift away from the village and toward urbanization in post- independence India continues. Questions arise regarding the ideological motivations driving artists’ treatments of the village in various notable works in the modern South Asian canon. A comparison is drawn between Satyajit Ray’s Pather Panchali [1955] and Orissan artist and author Prafulla Mohanti’s My Village, My Life [1973]. While at first glance the two may seem to have little to do with another, a close consideration reveals some striking similarities between them, providing some compelling insights into Ray’s methods and vision
A Low SWaP-C Radar Altimeter Transceiver Design for Small Satellites
No full textThis paper discusses the design details of a high resolution, low "Size, Weight, Power and Cost" (SWaP-C) radar altimeter (RA) system. Operating frequency of the radar is chosen within the Ka-band to achieve the desired size and weight requirements, that are highly demanded for the small satellite missions in a cost-efficient way. We propose a system design such that, an intended radar altimeter can be built by using the Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) components. The simulation results show that the proposed RA has high potentiality for realization.Accepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & SystemsAtmospheric Remote SensingMathematical Geodesy and Positionin
Immune response to COVID-19
Full text linkHow does our body respond
to infection? Can it limit
infection by a virus? How
is inflammation different
from an adaptive response?
What factors can weaken
our immune response?
What do ‘cytokine storms’
have to do with COVID-19?
How do we develop herd
immunity
Understanding GBS outbreaks
Full text linkSince January 2025, Pune has reported a spike in cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a rare disorder that can cause paralysis. This has been linked to contaminated water sources. What precautions can we take? Can this example help students see the real-world relevance of textbook concepts on infectious diseases, water hygiene, wastewater treatment, and antibodies
What do we know about Covid-19?
Full text linkHow does SARS-CoV-2
infect the human body?
What factors help or
hamper infection?
Why do we see such
wide variation in the
symptoms and signs
of the disease? Does
SARS-CoV-2 affect
children? And how
deadly is COVID-19
Multistatic Radar Imaging for Traffic Monitoring
No full textThis work presents a novel radar system for vehicle imaging. The proposed system is based on estimation of target parameters like range and velocity and generation of the final radar image. For this purpose, a multistatic Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system is implemented. Both the simulation and on site measurements show that such a radar system has the potential to replace the current very expensive sensors.Accepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Electrical bistability in a xanthene class molecule: conduction mechanisms
No full textThe author study conduction mechanism in two conducting states of a bistable device at 10-300 K range. They find that in the electrical bistable devices, electrical switching is associated with a change in the conduction mechanism. Device current in the low-conducting state follows an injection-limited mechanism. The current in the high-conducting state conforms a bulk-dominated mechanism, namely, space-charge limited conduction with an exponential distribution of traps. The bistability has an associated memory phenomenon. The devices exhibit read-only and random-access memory applications for several hours
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