10 research outputs found
Essays in entrepreneurial finance and development
No full textJ'étudie les effets d'entraînement de la suppression des obstacles à la croissance dans un marché de produits sur la création et la croissance des entreprises sur le marché en aval. Les entreprises contraintes par des obstacles à la croissance produisent des biens de faible qualité avec pour effet de contraindre les firmes dans le marché en aval. J'exploite l'abrogation de la réservation de produits en Inde, par laquelle des centaines de produits ont cessé d'être réservés à la production exclusive de petites entreprises. Avec un marché des intrants plus efficace, la création d’entreprises sur le marché des produits en aval augmente sans que l'on puisse observer une baisse de la qualité des entrants. Les entreprises productives en aval se développent alors que les entreprises moins productives se rétractent. Mes résultats ont pour implication que le dynamisme des entreprises a des effets d'entraînement positifs tout au long de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Dans un autre article, j'étudie le processus de destruction créative et la question de savoir si les entreprises en place confrontées à un risque de dépassement technologique continuent d'innover. Pour ce faire, je construis une mesure du risque de dépassement technologique en utilisant des mesures de similarité de textes de brevets. La théorie prédit que la menace d'une entrée technologiquement avancée incite les entreprises proches de la frontière à la rattraper, mais peut décourager l'innovation dans les entreprises plus éloignées de la frontière. Comme le prédit la théorie, les entreprises éloignées de la frontière diminuent leurs investissements en R&D lorsqu'elles sont confrontées au risque de déplacement. Dans le même temps, je constate que les entreprises à faible productivité ex ante ne sont pas plus susceptibles de disparaître que les entreprises à forte productivité ex ante. De plus, si les entreprises éloignées de la frontière réduisent leurs dépenses internes en R&D, elles sont plus susceptibles de s'engager dans des activités de fusions et acquisitions et d'investir en tant que capital-risqueurs. Mes résultats suggèrent que lorsqu'elles font face à un risque de dépassement technologique, les entreprises retrouvent leur avantage en matière d'innovation en investissant en dehors des frontières de l'entreprise. Dans un troisième article, mes co-auteurs et moi- même étudions le rôle des banques dans la propagation des effets négatifs des faillites de grandes entreprises vers l'économie réelle. Les banques qui subissent des faillites de grandes entreprises dans leur portefeuille de prêts augmentent les écarts de taux dans les prêts commerciaux ultérieurs. L'effet persiste après avoir contrôlé le risque de l'emprunteur, la contagion sectorielle et géographique. L'effet ne se manifeste pas par une détérioration du bilan de la banque, une perte de réputation ou un apprentissage de la banque sur sa capacité de filtrage. Il découle plutôt de la gestion des bénéfices par la banque et affecte de manière disproportionnée les petites entreprises qui ont moins d'options externes pour obtenir des financements. Globalement, nos résultats suggèrent que les banques jouent un rôle important dans la diffusion des chocs microéconomiques.In my first paper, I study the spillover effects of removing barriers to growth in one product market on entry and growth of firms in the downstream market. Firms that are constrained produce low quality goods and, in turn, constrain the downstream market. I exploit the repeal of product reservation in India, whereby hundreds of products stop being reserved for exclusive production by small firms. With a more efficient input market, entry in the downstream product market increases with no observable decline in quality of entrants. Productive downstream firms grow and less productive ones shrink. My results imply that business dynamism has positive spill-over effects along the supply chain. In another paper, I study the process of creative destruction and whether incumbents faced with displacement risk continue to innovate. To do so, I construct a measure of displacement risk using patent text similarity measures. Theory predicts that threat of technologically advanced entry incentivises firms closer to the frontier to catch up but may discourage innovation in firms further away from the frontier. As predicted by theory, firms far away from the frontier decrease their investment in R&D when faced with displacement risk. At the same time, I find that ex-ante low productivity firms are not more likely to exit than ex-ante high productivity firms. Moreover, while firms far away from the frontier reduce in-house R&D spending, they are more likely to engage in mergers and acquisitions and invest as corporate venture capitalists. My findings suggest that upon facing displacement risk, firms regain their innovation edge by investing outside the boundaries of the firm. In a third paper, my co-authors and I investigate the role of banks in propagating the negative effects of large corporate bankruptcies to the real economy. Banks that suffer from large corporate bankruptcies on their loan portfolio increase loan spreads in subsequent commercial lending. The effect persists after controlling for borrower risk, industry and geographical contagion. The effect does not manifest via deterioration of the bank’s balance sheet, loss of reputation or bank learning about its screening ability. Rather, it stems from earnings management by the bank and disproportionately affects small firms with fewer outside options for raising financing. Overall, our findings suggest that banks play an important role in disseminating microeconomic shocks
Episode two: India’s policy pathways
No full textIn this second installment of our new podcast, our host Chhavi Sachdev takes you to her home country of India to explore the nuanced policy landscape of the world’s most populous country. Chhavi is joined by an insightful range of guests: CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies’ lead author for India’s policy coherence report, Archisman Mitra, Senior Program Lead at Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), Nitin Bassi, and Research and Advocacy team coordinator at Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN), Parijat Ghosh. Together they address Indian Policy Coherence, the challenges, and the proposed solutions for the sustainable development of food, land, and water systems
Study of spectro-temporal variation in paleo-climatic marine proxy records using wavelet transformations
No full text
India's policy pathways
No full textEpisode two of Policy Pathways explores how Indian development policy can be adapted to mitigate the impacts of climate change and support marginalized communities.
Join host Chhavi Sachdev as she interviews the CGIAR's National Policies and Strategies (NPS) lead report author for India Archisman Mitra, Nitin Bassi Senior Program lead at the Council on Energy Environment and Water, and Parijat Ghosh, Research and Advocacy Team Coordinator at Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN).
The episode also features remarks on the NPS report from Dr. Arabinda Kumar Padhee; Principal Secretary at the Department of Agriculture and Farmers' Empowerment, Government of Odisha
Effect of Crude Extract of Ethno Botanical Mixture Used in Indigenous Treatment of Tuberculosis on the Release of TNF α, IFN Ƴ and IL 10 by LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Macrophage Cell Line
No full textIntroduction: In-vitro study of pro inflammatory cytokine IFN Ƴ, TNF α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, production by LPS sensitized THP-1 cell line with response to different concentrations of hawan samagri (HS) extract, has not been documented in literature impeding its possible use in TB treatment. This study attempts to fill the above knowledge gap in an effort to explore possibility of effective ethno botanical alternative therapy. IFN Ƴ response is well established as an immune correlate of M. tuberculosis infection. Here in this study, we studied the immune response profile of three cytokines believed to influence immunity to TB- IFN Ƴ, TNF α and IL-10. Materials and Methods: Hawan samagri: Two different hawan samagri HS1 & HS2 were used as test samples. Cell culture: THP-1, a promonocytic cell line was obtained from the ATCC. Treatment for Cytokine gene expression: In RPMI complete medium 1x105 cells/well was seeded to each well of the 96 well micro-titer plate. After 24 hrs. incubation, PMA (10ng/ml) added to 96 well plates to differentiate THP1 cells. Sample Preparation and RNA Isolation: Total RNA from THP-1cells was extracted using TRizol Reagent. RT-PCR: A semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN and GAPDH mRNA expressions. Gel Electrophoresis: Ten microliters of the final amplification product were run on a 2% ethidium-stained agarose gel and photographed. Results: Test samples showed dose dependent increase in, IFN-gamma, anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Highest expression of IFN-gamma was observed in HS2 at 62.5μg/mL with mRNA expression of 2.94-fold, followed by HS1 with IFN mRNA levels of 1.98-fold compared to control cells. Conclusion: All test samples show dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity as demonstrated with suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN gamma) and stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), LPS induced inflammatory THP-1 cell based model
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF WOODFORDIA FLORIBUNDA SALISB.
No full textIndian medicinal plants are the essence of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic treatments. When used judicially and clocking with the basic principles they produce miraculous effects. Fire flamed Bush (Woodfordia floribunda salisb), commonly called as Dhavari, Dhataki, belongs to the family Lythraceae. It is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Dhataki is a deciduous shrub, usually with a much fluted stem, spreading branches, 1-3 m high, rarely up to 7 m, commonly occurring throughout North India, ascending to an altitude of 1,500 m in the Himalayas, but rather scarce in South India. Acharya Charak quoted it among the fermenting agents (Asava yoni) and described under Purisasangrahniya, Mutravirajaniya and Sandhaniya group of drugs. The reported pharmacological activities of Woodfordia floribunda salisb. are antitumor activity, DNA inhibitory activity, immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant activities, antihyperglycemic activity, anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective activity, etc. Dhataki is one of the major ingredient of many important formulations used in Ayurvedic system of medicine such as Dhatakyadi taila, Dhatakyadi curna, Pusyanuga curna, Brhat Gangadhara curna, Arvindasava. So this review paper is an attempt of the author to provide details of this medicinal plant Dhataki about its classical references, synonyms, botanical description, phytochemical and pharmacological activity and classical medicinal uses
Ear Localization and Validation Using Ear Candidate Set
No full textEar biometrics has been found to be a good and reliable technique for human recognition. Initially ear biometrics could not gain popularity because there were doubts about its uniqueness. But, it started to gain momentum after a theory which came into existence and which said that it was very unlikely for any two years to be completely identical in all respects. The implemented methodology consists of steps such as pre-processing, feature extraction and matching based on the selected features. Our technique determines the extent to which these features support matching. The proposed work has been carried out on on a dataset containing 60 images for analyzing their features and matching of the source image with the dataset images. The results have been obtained on the basis of images correctly classified. The system accuracy telling us the extent to which matching could be performed on the basis of selected features
Demonstration of ion channel synthesis by isolated squid giant axon provides functional evidence for localized axonal membrane protein translation
No full text© 2018 The Author(s). Local translation of membrane proteins in neuronal subcellular domains like soma, dendrites and axon termini is well-documented. In this study, we isolated the electrical signaling unit of an axon by dissecting giant axons from mature squids (Dosidicus gigas). Axoplasm extracted from these axons was found to contain ribosomal RNAs, ~8000 messenger RNA species, many encoding the translation machinery, membrane proteins, translocon and signal recognition particle (SRP) subunits, endomembrane-associated proteins, and unprecedented proportions of SRP RNA (~68% identical to human homolog). While these components support endoplasmic reticulum-dependent protein synthesis, functional assessment of a newly synthesized membrane protein in axolemma of an isolated axon is technically challenging. Ion channels are ideal proteins for this purpose because their functional dynamics can be directly evaluated by applying voltage clamp across the axon membrane. We delivered in vitr
