2,301 research outputs found
Estimating antimalarial drug activity in vivo: an interdisciplinary approach combing novel experimental data with mathematical modelling
No full textMalaria infections led to an estimated 627 000 deaths in 2020. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the current first-line malaria treatments. However, it is urgent to develop better antimalarial because artemisinin-resistant parasites are spreading, and the international efforts to eradicate malaria have stalled. There are currently 46 drugs in development by the Medicines for Malaria Venture at different phases of the drug development pipeline. During development, antimalarial drugs are tested in pre-clinical animal models and early-stage clinical trials to determine in vivo drug activity and safety. In these early phases, the criteria used to assess a candidate antimalarial drug's activity in vivo is the rapid clearance of parasites from the peripheral circulation called 'parasite clearance'. Short parasite clearance half-lives are interpreted to mean rapid drug action.
These parasite clearance data are used to parameterise PK/PD models that relate the drug's concentration with its killing activity in vivo. These models are used to predict and optimise dosing strategies for later clinical trials. However, it has recently been demonstrated that parasite clearance does not reflect how fast a drug kills parasites. The use of parasite clearance as a metric for assessing candidate antimalarial drugs must be revisited. Here, I consider novel parasite viability data from humanised mice and humans treated with two antimalarial drugs to develop a model of antimalarial drug activity and build a more nuanced understanding of parasite killing and host removal of dead parasites.
The new assay we use for estimating parasite viability is highly sensitive and can quantify down to one viable parasite per blood sample. Considering these parasites' viability estimates - rather than simply measuring parasite clearance - results in a more consistent PK/PD model that can better explain the parasite recrudescence after treatment. Moreover, the parasite-killing half-life is more sensitive to drug exposure time, dose and treatment regimen than the parasite clearance half-life.
In vivo drug activity estimates determine which antimalarial drug candidates will proceed down the development pipeline. My work shows that considering parasite viability increases PK/PD models' accuracy in explaining drug activity. Such models will provide a more precise measure of drug efficacy and can be used to assist in identifying the best treatment amongst the possible antimalarial candidates
Machine learning for predicting biomethane production from microbial communities' composition in full scale anaerobic digesters
No full text<p>Poster presented by Andreia Salvador, PhD from the University of Minho, during the FEMS2023 congress, celebrated on July 9th-13th at the Congress Center of Hamburg (Germany). The poster was also contributed by M. Alcina Pereira (University of Minho), Georges F. R. Radohery, Giovanni Melandri, Sylvain Prigent, and Pierre Petriacq (University of Bordeaux).</p>
2-Designs and Codes from Simple Groups L 3(q) and Higman-Sims Sporadic Simple Group HS
No full textInternational audienceWe discuss the methods used in constructing designs and codes from the fixed points of the Sylow p-subgroups of the 2 points stabilizers in the 2-transitive permutation representation of finite groups. To illustrate the methods we apply them to the simple groups L 3(q) (q ≥ 3) and Higman-Sims sporadic simple group HS. This talked is based on the results included in an article entitled “2-designs and codes from 2-transitive simple groups” which is appearing in the Utilitas Mathematic
Existe una ética médica en Georges Canguilhem
No full textDespite recent efforts, little research has been done concerning the issue of medical ethics in Georges Canguilhem’s work. This is mainly due to the critical position the author takes regarding the humanistic medicine practices that began to [email protected]
Existe una ética médica en Georges Canguilhem
No full textDespite recent efforts, little research has been done concerning the issue of medical ethics in Georges Canguilhem’s work. This is mainly due to the critical position the author takes regarding the humanistic medicine practices that began to [email protected]
About this researcher blog on Georges Focus
No full textGeorges Focus, who died in 1708, was a French painter who became crazy at the end of his life. He is the author of a bit more than 130 drawings, accompanied by poems, of great technical quality, made while suffering from psychological disorders. These bizarre works are also marked by great erudition and many precise allusions to contemporary personalities and events. They are a source of micro-history for research on 17th century French society, literature and fine arts. Public domain, htt..
William Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation. Third Edition revised by the Author and G. T. Griffith
No full textNachtergael Georges. William Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation. Third Edition revised by the Author and G. T. Griffith. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 44, fasc. 2, 1975. p. 782
William Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation. Third Edition revised by the Author and G. T. Griffith
No full textNachtergael Georges. William Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation. Third Edition revised by the Author and G. T. Griffith. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 44, fasc. 2, 1975. p. 782
Saint-Georges, trait d’union entre Orient et Occident
No full textThe StGeorges boarding school as a link between East and West.
The StGeorges boarding school founded in 1921 in Constantinople by Jesuits in order to offer a shelter for young Russian immigrants, was moved to Namur, then Paris and finally Meudon before closing down in 1970. The author of the article, a former resident at Meudon, starts by evoking his personal memories, then he broadens the scope of his article by setting up the Jesuits’ action within the framework of an attempt at bringing together and allowing mutual recognition between Orthodox East and Catholic West that were separated since 1504.Martinowsky Georges. Saint-Georges, trait d’union entre Orient et Occident. In: Revue Russe n°50, 2018. Miscélanées. La Russie de 1869 à nos jours... pp. 179-191
Norma Coverdale, B.A.: the treatment of women in selected works of Henry de Montherlant
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine how women are treated in selectedworks of Henry de Montherlant. This is explored by examining their relationshipswith other women as well as with men. Inevitably, this leads to an analysis ofthe multifaceted area of love. Part I researches Montherlant's prose work and included in this section is the investigation of the importance of 'l'ordre male' to the author and the influence this exerts over his early prose work in the areas of tauromachy, war and sport, and where the male adherence to this concept leaves women. The 'syncretisme et alternance' which is central to Montherlant's thinking is explored in this section.Part 2 is concerned with Montherlant's theatre in which the psychological development of the main characters is of great importance. It is in this section that a comparative study is made of the influence of Mme. Elisabeth Zehrfuss' written contribution to La Reine morte. Her unpublished notes are set out in full in the Appendix. The thesis also draws on the unpublished correspondence between Henry de Montherlant and Elisabeth Zehrfuss between the years 1934 and 1945. An investigation is made as to whether or not there are any differences between the way women are treated in Montherlant's prose and in his theatre and the conclusion is drawn that there are
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