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Evoluzione dei sistemi tecnici nell’Uluzziano di Grotta del Cavallo (Nardò-LE)
No full textLithic assemblages
from the Uluzzian layers (eIII, eII-I e dII-Ib) of Grotta del cavallo were attributed to the middle to Upper palaeolithic
transition from the earliest studies on this subject. this attribution relied on some crucial discriminating factors,
that is: the explosion of splintered pieces, the amount of end-scrapers and the introduction of a completely new tool, the
lunate. the revision of the same assemblages, using up-to-date methodologies, allowed for a re-reading, in terms of technological
variability, complexity and developing of this heatedly debated “transitional” phase. In this view the role of
the Uluzzian tool set has been of pivotal significance in defining this techno-complex in itself and in detecting differences
with operative schemes and end-products of the late mousterian.
taking into account the technological pattern, two main traits have been highlighted: 1) the systematic use of bipolar debitage
on anvil, characterized by a low technical investment; 2) the technological innovation represented by production of
bladelets followed by their transformation into tools
Stone tools for the hunt: points with impact scars from a Middle Paleolithic site in southern Italy
No full textWe present the find of impact scars on six Middle Paleolithic points from the rock shelter site of Oscurusciuto in southern Italy, dated to MIS 3. We review our knowledge of hunting weapons in the European Middle Paleolithic, the available evidence for the use of Mousterian points as spear tips and the interpretations of impact scars. Our identifications are based on comparisons to similar scars observed on experimental material and archaeological material of known function, made of the same raw materials (cryptocrystalline varieties of silica) as the points from the Oscurusciuto site. The scarce evidence available prior to our work suggested that at least some Mousterian points were used to tip handdelivered spears already by MIS 6 (i.e. between 186 and 127 ka). The evidence from Oscurusciuto confirm that Neanderthals in Western Europe sometimes used Mousterian points to tip spears to hunt large and medium size mammals, like the fauna present at the Oscurusciuto site. The significance of this sample is not diminished by its small size, as indicated by a discussion of the factors that influence the frequencies of impact scars in different archaeological samples and a review of comparable evidence from residential sites of similar and younger ages
Production and use in the lithic industry of the Mousterian in Santa Croce (Bisceglie, Italy)
No full textThe techno-functional analysis of the lithic assemblages from the Mousterian of Santa Croce has evidenced the complementarity of the two main knapping processes: the laminar débitage, which is characterized by a higher level of standardization, proves to have a more specialized function with respect to the discoid débitage, which is allotted instead to other more diversified activities. It is interesting to note that the opportunistic use of rejuvenation flakes and core residuals responds to the selection of standards, allowing us to assimilate this category to the objectives of discoid production
What Differences in Production and Use of Aurignacian and Early Gravettian Lithic Assemblages? The Case of Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico, Foggia, Southern Italy)
No full textThe aim of the present research is a techno-functional comparison of two lithic assemblages from Grotta Paglicci located at Rignano Garganico (Apulia). Level 24A1 is attributed to the Aurignacian and dated to 29,300± 600 BP and layer 23 is referable to the early Gravettian and dated to 28,100 ± 400 BP. They are in stratigraphical continuity. Through the analysis of the production schemes and the use of the lithic material, the elements of continuity and change between both assemblages have been identified in order to contribute to a better definition of the distinctive
features of the early Gravettian. The research shows no evidence of an eventual transition between the Aurignacian and the Gravettian technocomplex at this site
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Management of Paleoenvironmental Resources and Raw materials Exploitation at the Middle Paleolithic Site of Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, Southern Italy): Units 1 and 4
No full textThe authors introduce some preliminary data regarding the lithic industries and the faunal remains discovered at the Middle Paleolithic site Oscurusciuto, situated in the ravine of Ginosa, with several layers of anthropogenic frequentation. From 1998 onwards approximately 60 m(2) with a depth of nearly 5 m, have been systematically excavated by the Department of Environmental Science G. Sarfatti, University of Siena. This study presents the results obtained from technological and typological analysis of the lithic material from US 1 and from a sample area of US 4. Ungulate remains, characterized by the prevalence of Dos primigenius, show a selection of skeletal parts related to the exploitation of long bones for the extraction of marrow and the probable use of epiphysis and articular bones as fuel. For the lithic industry is, beside retouched elements, the entire range of the flaking products present, showing that the entire reduction sequence was carried out on site, exploiting jasper pebbles from a nearby stream.
The study of the technological categories indicates a substantial similarity between the two units considered. The amount of cores has allowed the identification of the operational chains. In both units the adoption of unipolar modality of Levallois technique is prevalent. The discoid technique is present in Unit 4, but completely absent in Unit I. Through the technological study it has been possible to find the relationship between the knapping sequences and the morphology of pebbles used. The results pointed out by the typological approach confirm the (14)C date obtained for US 1 (38,500 +/- 900 BP) and the cultural attribution of the lithic industry to a final phase of the Middle Paleolithic as a typical Mousterian rich in scrapers
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Middle Palaeolithic technical behaviour: Material import-export and Levallois production at the SU 13 of Oscurusciuto rock shelter, Southern Italy
Full text linkThe Oscurusciuto rock shelter, located in southern Italy (Puglia), has yielded a long Middle Palaeolithic stratigraphy rich in lithic assemblages, fireplaces and faunal remains, attesting Neanderthal occupation during the MIS 3. This paper is focused on the stratigraphic unit 13, consisting of a sandy compact deposit mixed with pyroclastic sediment above a thick level of tephra- US 14, identified as Mt. Epomeo green tuff (dated Ar/Ar ~ 55 ka).
Level 13 represents the first stable human occupation after the deposition of tephra. Our goal was to examine the lithic assemblage of this stratigraphic unit by means of an interdisciplinary approach (technology, RMU, refitting program) in order to identify the economic behaviour and technical strategies of Neanderthals occupying the stratigraphic unit 13 of Oscurusciuto.
The technical strategies applied indicate fragmentation of the reduction processes, as well as probable events of importation and exportation of objects. The lithic material were introduced at different stages of manufacturing. Pieces were introduced in the form of rough objects (pebbles), as well as semi-finished items, and as finished tools. This fragmentation of the chaîne opératoire also demonstrate the palimpsest nature of the level which is made up of different events happening one after another.
The main concept of debitage was Levallois, generally realized on local jasper and siliceous limestone pebbles or cortical flakes. Jasper and siliceous limestone flakes, backed flakes and convergent flakes were the technological objectives of the debitage. A marginal volumetric debitage aimed at producing bladelets was also attested
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