11 research outputs found
Electrochemical polymerization of polyhydrocarbons by reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated methanes
No full textElectrochemistry is a useful technique for mild synthesis of polymers, but the mechanisms of electrochemical polymerization are challenging to fully understand. Here, we focus on understanding the reaction mechanisms during the electrochemical polymerization of polyhydrocarbons. The overall synthetic pathway for hyperbranched polyhydrocarbons is investigated using electrochemical methods combined with spectroscopy, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The oxidation and reduction occurring on the anode and cathode are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and NMR analyses to distinguish the functions of each electrode at the reaction initiation. Real-time FT-IR measurements during electrochemical polymerization are used to decipher the propagation steps. The termination by various suppliers of hydrogen atoms (such as aqueous hydrochloric acid) is examined via NMR spectroscopy using deuterium-labeled acetonitrile and chloroform. The participation of chlorinated methanes and of the solvent acetonitrile in the electrochemical polymerization is interrogated. Overall, these findings advance understanding of the key steps in the polymerization reaction. © 2023 The Author(s)11Nsciescopu
Impact of maternal determinants in rural areas influencing birth weight of newborn
No full textBackground: The birth weight of the newborn determines the health and survival of the newborn. Birth weight depends upon maternal factors such as the nutritional status of the mother, gestational age, multiple gestations, hemoglobin status, weight of the mother, complications of labour such as diabetes, hypertension, seizures, cardiac defects, bleeding manifestations, chronic illness and substance abuse. Methods It's a retrospective study conducted at Tagore medical college and hospital. Data collection was drawn on 100women for the age of the mother at the time of delivery, parity, gestational age, hemoglobin status, the weight of the mother, weight of the newborn, blood sugar, and blood pressure from July 2018- July 2019. Results: In our study low birth weight seems to be associated with anaemic mothers with a significant p-value of 0.00. Also, underweight mothers delivered 71.43% of low birth weight babies, normal, overweight and obese mothers delivered 82.35%, 84.21% and 100% normal weight babies which are statistically significant, represented by a p-value of 0.004 in our study. LBW in mothers of age group 18-24yrs 12(27.27%) in our study is high when compared to babies born between 25-31years 7(15.22%) and 10% in the age group between 32-38yrs
Visibility and Citation Impact
No full textThe number of publications is the first criteria for assessing a researcher output. However, the main measurement for author productivity is the number of citations, and citations are typically related to the paper's visibility. In this paper, the relationship between article visibility and the number of citations is investigated. A case study of two researchers who are using publication marketing tools confirmed that the article visibility will greatly improve the citation impact. Some strategies to make the publications available to a larger audience have been presented at the end of this paper
A bibliometric study of laser literature in India, 1995-2005
No full text112-118Identifies various bibliometric indicators of articles published by the Indian researchers in the field of laser science and
technology during the period 1995-2005. The Scopus - the indexing/abstracting online database is the main source for this
study. The bibliometric techniques, such as Bradford's law, Lotka's law and the Subramanyam formula were employed
respectively to measure quantitative distribution of literature in sources/journals, author productivity, and the degree of
collaboration among authors. The study found that the literature growth has steadily increased and the growth rate over the
period of time was 22.436 articles per year. Of the total literature, 97.32 % appeared as research articles. Literature was found
to be published in eight different disciplines, and the percentage of multi-disciplinary articles was 18.93. The log-log plot
drawn for distribution of literature in various sources/journals fits the typical Bradford S-shaped curve. The study identified 20
core sources and 23 core journals. It was found that majority of authors contributed only one article (65.04%), which is larger
than the 60% of original Lotka's data. The degree of collaboration among authors is 0.94. The average length of an article is
7.09
Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological indices and oxidative stress responses of marine crab Scylla serrata to the impact of ocean acidification and cadmium toxicity
No full textIn the current study, the effect of OA on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in the crab Scylla serrata was evaluated. Crab instars (0.07 cm length and 0.1 g weight) were subjected to pH 8.2, 7.8, 7.6, 7.4, 7.2, and 7.0 with and without 0.01 mg l−1 of Cd for 60 days.
This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were provided by the author of the related paper (see Related to) to the OA-ICC data curator. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-06-19
New 1,6-heptadienes with pyrimidine bases attached: Syntheses and spectroscopic analyses
No full textA simple, high yielding synthesis leading to the functionalization of some pyrimidine bases with a 1,6-heptadienyl moiety spaced from the N - 1 position by a methylene group is described. A key step in this synthesis involves a Mitsunobu reaction by coupling 3N-benzoyluracil and 3N-benzoylthymine to 2-allyl-pent-4-en-1-ol followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the 3N-benzoyl protecting groups. This protocol should eventually lend itself to the synthesis of a host of N-alkylated nucleoside analogs. The absorption and emission properties of these pyrimidine derivatives (3-6) were studied in solvents of different physical properties. Computerized analysis and multiple regression techniques were applied to calculate the regression and correlation coefficients based on the equation that relates peak position λmax to the solvent parameters that depend on the H-bonding ability, refractive index, and dielectric constant of solvents. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.ABDULLAH Z, 1996, J ANAL SCI, V4, P417; ABDULLAH Z, 1989, THESIS U LONDON; ABDULLAH Z, 1990, B KIMIA, V5, P72; Abdullah Z, 2004, MOLECULES, V9, P520, DOI 10.3390-90700520; ABDULLAH Z, 2004, MALAYSIAN J CHEM, V6, P114; Agrawal S, 1999, BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR, V1489, P53, DOI 10.1016-S0167-4781(99)00141-4; BORRESEN HC, 1965, ACTA CHEM SCAND, V19, P2100, DOI 10.3891-acta.chem.scand.19-2100; Bouhadir KH, 2005, SYNTHETIC COMMUN, V35, P1003, DOI 10.1081-SCC-200051721; BROWN DM, 1956, J CHEM SOC, P2384, DOI 10.1039-jr9560002384; BUTLER G, 1992, CYCLOPOLYMERIZATION, pCH2; CLARK L, 1964, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P11; Cramer CJ, 1999, CHEM REV, V99, P2161, DOI 10.1021-cr960149m; DANIELS M, 1971, SCIENCE, V171, P675, DOI 10.1126-science.171.3972.675; DEY J, 1991, CAN J CHEM, V69, P1539, DOI 10.1139-v91-228; Gup R, 2006, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V64, P809, DOI 10.1016-j.saa.2005.08.008; Gustavsson T, 2006, CHEM PHYS LETT, V429, P551, DOI 10.1016-j.cplett.2006.08.058; Hammud HH, 2006, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V63, P255, DOI 10.1016-j.saa.2005.04.020; Han MJ, 2000, ADV POLYM SCI, V153, P1; HASANEIN AA, 1988, SPECTROSC LETT, V21, P481; JENNY TF, 1991, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V32, P7029, DOI 10.1016-0040-4039(91)85031-Y; JENNY TF, 1992, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V33, P6619, DOI 10.1016-S0040-4039(00)61000-6; LIPPERT E, 1955, Z NATURFORSCH PT A, V10, P541; LIPPERT E, 1957, Z ELEKTROCHEM, V61, P962; MASON S, 1962, PYRIMIDINES, pCH13; MASON S, 1960, J CHEM SOC, V219, P2071; MASON SF, 1959, J CHEM SOC, P1240, DOI 10.1039-jr9590001240; MASOUD MS, 1993, ACTA CHIM HUNG, V130, P783; MATAGA N, 1955, B CHEM SOC JPN, V28, P690, DOI 10.1246-bcsj.28.690; MATAGA N, 1956, B CHEM SOC JPN, V29, P465, DOI 10.1246-bcsj.29.465; MAYER A, 1994, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V33, P1044, DOI 10.1002-anie.199410441; Miller KJ, 1998, PHARM SCI TECHNOL TO, V1, P377, DOI 10.1016-S1461-5347(98)00098-4; MITSUNOBU O, 1981, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, P1, DOI 10.1055-s-1981-29317; ODONNELL MJ, 1996, BIOORGANIC CHEM NUCL, P216; PAL BC, 1962, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V1, P558, DOI 10.1021-bi00910a003; Parker C.A., 1968, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SO; Rajendiran N, 1997, INT J CHEM KINET, V29, P861, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:11861::AID-KIN83.0.CO;2-K; Rajendiran N, 1996, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A, V93, P103, DOI 10.1016-1010-6030(95)04189-3; Rajendiran N, 2001, INDIAN J CHEM A, V40, P331; REICHARDT C, 1979, SOLVENTS SOLVENT EFF; ROSA E, COMMUNICATION; Santra S, 1998, CHEM PHYS, V226, P285, DOI 10.1016-S0301-0104(97)00311-X; Shatila RS, 2006, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V47, P1767, DOI 10.1016-j.tetlet.2006.01.035; STEWART RF, 1963, J CHEM PHYS, V39, P255, DOI 10.1063-1.1734238; Tsai JY, 1998, J ORG CHEM, V63, P3230, DOI 10.1021-jo9718915; Tsai JY, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P1235, DOI 10.1021-jo026379k; TSUCHIYA Y, 1988, J PHYS CHEM-US, V92, P1760, DOI 10.1021-j100318a013; UHLMANN E, 1990, CHEM REV, V90, P543, DOI 10.1021-cr00102a001; UNDENFRIEND S, 1962, ANAL BIOCHEM, V3, P49; Valentic N, 2000, J SERB CHEM SOC, V65, P81; Vares L, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P10073, DOI 10.1021-jo034843v; VOET D, 1963, BIOPOLYMERS, V1, P193, DOI 10.1002-bip.360010302; Wenska G, 2000, POL J CHEM, V74, P659; Zhou JL, 1998, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V39, P8373, DOI 10.1016-S0040-4039(98)01929-722
Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in low-resource settings: longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED cohort study
No full text© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings. Methods: We used quantitative PCR to detect 29 enteropathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal stools collected from children in the first 2 years of life obtained during the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite cohort study. Length was measured monthly. We estimated associations between aetiology-specific diarrhoea and subclinical enteropathogen infection and quantity and attained length in 3 month intervals, at age 2 and 5 years, and used a longitudinal model to account for temporality and time-dependent confounding. Findings: Among 1469 children who completed 2 year follow-up, 35 622 stool samples were tested and yielded valid results. Diarrhoeal episodes attributed to bacteria and parasites, but not viruses, were associated with small decreases in length after 3 months and at age 2 years. Substantial decrements in length at 2 years were associated with subclinical, non-diarrhoeal, infection with Shigella (length-for-age Z score [LAZ] reduction −0·14, 95% CI −0·27 to −0·01), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (−0·21, −0·37 to −0·05), Campylobacter (−0·17, −0·32 to −0·01), and Giardia (−0·17, −0·30 to −0·05). Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, typical enteropathogenic E coli, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were also associated with small decrements in LAZ. Shigella and E bieneusi were associated with the largest decreases in LAZ per log increase in quantity per g of stool (−0·13 LAZ, 95% CI −0·22 to −0·03 for Shigella; −0·14, −0·26 to −0·02 for E bieneusi). Based on these models, interventions that successfully decrease exposure to Shigella, enteroaggregative E coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia could increase mean length of children by 0·12–0·37 LAZ (0·4–1·2 cm) at the MAL-ED sites. Interpretation: Subclinical infection and quantity of pathogens, particularly Shigella, enteroaggregative E coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia, had a substantial negative association with linear growth, which was sustained during the first 2 years of life, and in some cases, to 5 years. Successfully reducing exposure to certain pathogens might reduce global stunting. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
