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Yenilenemez ve yenilenebilir bir kaynağın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi
No full textThe substitution between renewable and non-renewable energy sources has become one of the central debates of economists over the past decades. These two types of resource are different with respect to the replacement ability. Then, the output's growth based on either energy source is expected to show different paths along the optimal and balanced-growth path. The previous literature studied the optimal extraction of non-renewable resource and its policy implication, optimal resource price, long-run output growth in the presence of non-renewable resource, the transition from non-renewable energy to renewable one, and the importance of substitution between renewable and non-renewable resource for sustainability. The path difference between these two outputs has not been addressed with all possible models. Therefore, one part of this thesis attempted to study and compare the characteristics associated with renewable and non-renewable energy-based outputs along the balanced-growth. The analysis is divided into two cases supposedly occurred in the same country. In the first case, the output is based on non-renewable energy while on renewable energy in the second one. The Hamiltonian function is subtracted from a problem in which the maximization of the utility function is subject to the constraints associated with the change in capital and energy stocks. We first consider optimal control theory and later use the theoretical results for the simulation with MATLAB. The result supports that renewable energy-based output grows at a positive rate along the optimal path whereas that of non-renewable energy depends on whether technological progress and saving are high enough to exceed the share of non-renewable energy in output. Along the balanced growth path, non-renewable energy-based per capita output growth would be negative if there is no technological progress. Without technological progress, that of renewable energy-based per capita output would be however positive if the investment-elasticity of energy production is high enough. Moreover, the system associated with non-renewable energy-based output would have saddle-path stability if the share of non-renewable energy is low enough, whereas that of renewable energy-based output shows stability if the share of renewable energy is sufficiently high. Further results will be discussed in the analysis. Other parts of this thesis deal with the well-known resource curse hypothesis which describes the negative relationship between economic growth and natural resource abundance. In the empirical work, the authors demonstrated this resource curse theory with the significant negative coefficient associated with resource rent ratio to GDP as a proxy for the resource dependence. However, the disagreement has emerged following the good growth performance in some resource-rich countries and the contrasting results in the literature, which are the positive and negative sign of this ratio. Therefore, this part of the thesis addresses this disagreement by theoretically and empirically analysing output growth with natural resource. The theoretical results suggest that resource dependence can be associated with positive and negative economic growth depending on the optimal pattern of resource use. Later, this theoretical result is tested in empirical work including 130 countries and time periods between 2003 and 2014. By dealing with the possible endogeneity issue, we apply the system GMM and find that the resource rent ratio to GDP, as a proxy for the resource dependence, is statistically significant and associated with positive economic growth. This empirical result is consistent with the theoretical analysis and thus, challenges resource curse hypothesis. Natural resource-dependent countries do not necessarily show poor economic growth.Son yıllarda ekonomistlerce en çok tartışılan konulardan biri, yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez enerji kaynakları arasındaki ikamedir. Bunun nedeni, kaynak kıtlığı konusundaki endişedir. Bu iki tür kaynak, yenileme yeteneğine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Her iki enerjiye bağlı çıktı büyümesinin, optimum ve dengeli büyüme boyunca farklı patikalar gösterilmesi beklenmektedir. Önceki literatürde, yenilenemez enerjinin optimal yararlanımı ve yansıyan politikaları, optimal kaynak fiyatı, yenilenemez kaynakların varlığında uzun vadeli çıktı artışı, yenilenemez enerjiden yenilenebilir enerjiye geçiş ve sürdürülebilirlik için yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez kaynak arasında ikamenin önemi ele alınmıştır. Ancak, bu iki çıktının olası farkı tüm modellerle ele alınmamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu tezin bir kısmında dengeli büyüme yolu boyunca, yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez enerjiye bağlı çıktılarla ilgili özelliklerinin incelenmesini ve karşılaştırılmasını araştırılmıştır. Analiz, aynı ülkede meydana geldiği varsayılan iki örnek olaya bölünmüştür. İlk örnek olay yenilenemez enerjiye, ikinci örnek olay ise yenilenebilir enerjiye dayanmaktadır. Hamilton fonksiyonu, bir fayda fonksiyonunun sermaye ve enerji stoklarındaki değişimlerin kısıtlamaladığı bir maksimizasyon problemi için kurulmaktadır. Öncelikle optimal kontrol teorisi göz önüne alınıp, daha sonra simülasyon için MATLAB kullanılarak teorik sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Analizin sonucunda, optimum patika boyunca yenilenebilir enerjiye bağlı çıktı büyümesinin pozitif olduğu; yenilenemez enerjiye bağlı çıktı büyümesinin, teknolojik gelişme ve tasarrufun yenilenemez enerji kullanımının çıktıdaki payını aşacak kadar yüksek olup olmadığına göre pozitif veya negatif olacağını desteklenmektedir. Dengeli büyüme yolunda, teknolojik ilerleme olmazsa, yenilenemez enerjiye dayanan kişi başına düşen çıktı büyümesi negatif olacaktır. Bununla birlikte, yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin yatırım esnekliği yeterince yüksek olursa, teknoloji ilerlemesinin olmadığı durumda yenilenebilir enerjiye bağlı kişi başına çıktının büyümesi pozitif olabilmektedir. Ayrıca, yenilenemez enerjiye dayalı çıktı ile ilişkilendirilen sistem, yenilenemez enerji kullanımının çıktıdaki payı yeterince düşük olursa, eyer patika dengesi olmaktadır; yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin yatırım esnekliği yeterince yüksek olursa, sistem dengeli olur. Bu tezin diğer bölümü, ekonomik büyüme ile doğal kaynak zenginliği arasındaki negatif ilişkiyi tanımlayan kaynak laneti hipotezi ile ilgilenmektedir. Ampirik çalışmalarda bu kaynak laneti, kaynak bağımlılığı için vekil değişken olan kaynak ihracatının GSYH'deki payı ile ilişkili anlamlı negatif katsayıya sahipse doğrulanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kaynak bakımından bazı zengin ülkelerin iyi büyüme performansı göstermesi ve literatürde bu oranın pozitif ve negatif işareti olduğu gibi zıtlıkların nedeniyle anlaşmazlık ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu nedenle, tezin bu kısmında, doğal kaynaklarla çıktı büyümesini teorik ve ampirik olarak analiz ederek, bu anlaşmazlık ele alınmıştır. Teorik sonuçlar, kaynak bağımlılığının kaynak kullanımının optimal patikasına göre pozitif ve negatif ekonomik büyüme ile ilişkili olabildiğini savunmuştur. Daha sonra, bu teorik sonuç 130 ülke ve 2003-2014 yılları arasındaki dönemleri içeren veriye dayanan analiz ile test edilmiştir. Olası içsellik konusunun ele alınmasında, bu teorik sonucunun test edilmesi için sistem GMM uygulanmaktadır ve kaynak bağımlılığı için vekil olan doğal kaynak rantının GSYH'deki payı, istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır ve pozitif ekonomik büyüme ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu ampirik sonuç, teorik analiz ile tutarlıdır ve bu nedenle kaynak laneti hipotezini reddetmektedir. Doğal kaynağa bağımlı ülkenin ekonomik büyümesinin her zaman zayıf olmaz
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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