737 research outputs found
Stylopoma hastata Ramalho 2018
No full text<i>Stylopoma hastata</i> Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2018 <p>(Fig. 8C–F)</p> <p> <i>Stylopoma hastata</i> Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2018: p. 168, fig. 5C–E.</p> <p> <b>Material</b> examined. MNRJBRY-1453, MNRJBRY-1474, MNRJBRY-1494, MNRJBRY-1495: Brazil, Maranhão state (Sta #7, 00°14.742’S – 044°54.089’W), 23 m, on sponges, 29 September 2014; MNRJBRY-1460, MNRJBRY- 1549: Brazil, Pará state (Sta#6, 00°45.359’N – 046°38.49’W), 50 m, on rhodoliths, 29 September 2014; collected by Fernando Moraes & Rodrigo Moura (NHo Cruzeiro do Sul).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known from Maranhão and Pará states in Northern Brazil (present study), and Abrolhos Bank, Bahia state, Brazil (Ramalho <i>et al</i>. 2018).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Stylopoma hastata</i> Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2018 was originally described from the Abrolhos Bank, Bahia state, Brazil, based on non-ovicellate material. Northern Brazil specimens allow the first description of ovicells (Fig. 8C–E), which are globose [L 321–380–408 (SD 34, N 8); W 330–418– 501 µm (SD 50, N 8)] with ooecial surface similar to the frontal shield of autozooids, evenly perforated by small pseudopores at the centre of polygonal depressions; small triangular avicularia [L 47–51– 58 µm (SD 6, N 3)] (similar to those observed on the autozooids) are found on the ovicell surface; the aperture consists in a crescentic lumen formed by the fusion of the labellum at the center, arising from the proximal edge (Fig. 8D–E). The figures also show the characteristic elongate avicularia (Fig. 8C, F).</p>Published as part of <i>Ramalho, Laís V., Moraes, Fernando C., Salgado, Leonardo T., Bastos, Alex C. & Moura, Rodrigo L., 2021, Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4950 (1)</i> on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4643245">http://zenodo.org/record/4643245</a>
FIGURE 9. A–D. Thornelya atlanticoensis Ramalho & Moraes n in Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution
No full textFIGURE 9. A–D. Thornelya atlanticoensis Ramalho & Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1452). A. Colony with both ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids. B. Autozooids showing orifice with spines, and lateral avicularia. C. Unbleached colony showing zooids with long spines. D. Fertile zooid showing lateral avicularia and ovicell bearing a small avicularium. E–G. Therenia dianae Ramalho & Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1431). E. Colony edge with several fertile and infertile zooids and large avicularium. F. Detail of zooids showing orifices with a small sinus, and avicularia. G. Detail of an ovicellate zooid. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 250 µm; D, 100 µm; F, G, 200 µm.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Moraes, Fernando C., Salgado, Leonardo T., Bastos, Alex C. & Moura, Rodrigo L., 2021, Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4950 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/464324
Pourtalesella duoavicularia Ramalho & Moraes & Salgado & Bastos & Moura 2021, n. sp.
No full textPourtalesella duoavicularia Ramalho & Moraes n. sp. (Fig. 12C–F) Material examined. Holotype: MNRJBRY-1443; Paratype: MNRJBRY-1458: Brazil, Pará state (Sta #6, 00°45.359’N – 046°38.49’W), 50 m, both samples on rhodoliths, 29 September 2014, collected by Fernando Moraes & Rodrigo Moura (NHo Cruzeiro do Sul). Etymology. From the Latin duo (meaning two) plus avicularia, referring to the two types of avicularia characteristic of the species. Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, starting as a flat sheet and becoming irregular with age. Orifice subcircular with broadly V-shaped sinus. Two kinds of avicularia: small and rounded with serrated rostrum, placed distolaterally to the orifice; larger and triangular with smooth rostrum, placed below and laterally to the orifice. Ovicell globose, flat frontally; ectooecium partially calcified exposing a semicircular area of entooecium with radial ridges; not closed by zooidal operculum. Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, initially flat with autozooids regularly disposed, but becoming irregular (huddle) with age, uni- or multilaminar (Fig. 10A, B). Autozooids rounded hexagonal, longer than wide [L 329–375–437 (SD 32, N 18); W 239–275– 323 µm (SD 23, N 18)], separated by deep furrows obscured with age (Fig. 12C, D). Frontal shield in young zooids smooth, with small, rounded pseudopores becoming smaller with increasing calcification. Primary orifice subcircular [L 80–90–102 (SD 7, N 18); W 82–92– 96 µm (SD 4, N 23)], anter smooth and poster with broadly V-shaped sinus; peristome surrounding the primary orifice proximally and laterally but not covering it (Fig. 12D). Two types of avicularia: (1) infrequent, small [L 40–49– 56 µm (SD 8, N 3)] avicularium placed distolaterally to orifice embedded in the peristome, oriented proximolaterally, sometimes slightly larger, on a large cystid and directed upwards; rostrum rounded with serrated edge and crossbar complete, (Fig. 12E); (2) more common, larger avicularium [L 73–91– 109 µm (SD 8, N 16)], placed laterally below the orifice, sometimes quite far from it, oriented distolaterally, sometimes raised from the frontal surface; rostrum triangular with smooth edge; crossbar complete (Fig. 10A–C). Ovicell globose, wider than long [L 128–146–164 (SD 12, N 11); W 156–176– 205 µm (SD 14, N 10)], usually immersed in calcification, flat frontally; ectooecium partially calcified exposing a semicircular area of entooecium with radial ridges (Fig. 12E, F); aperture not closed by zooidal operculum; usually peristome fused laterally with the proximal margin of the ovicell. Remarks. The main difference between Pourtalesella Winston, 2005 and Buffonellaria Canu & Bassler, 1927 is in the frontal shield, which is perforate in the former genus and imperforate in the latter (Berning & Kuklinski 2008). Despite these authors mentioned that some autozooids of Buffonellaria may occasionally retain pseudopores in later ontogeny, and this difference may have less systematic significance than previously thought, we prefer to maintain the Amazonas’ specimens in Pourtalesella, owing to the presence of a pseudoporous frontal shield, as seen in other Atlantic Pourtalesella species, pending a revision of this genus. Four Pourtalesella species have been described from the Atlantic Ocean, two of them from Brazil: P. alipioi (described as Schizopodrella alipioi Marcus, 1955), and P. carvalhoi (Marcus, 1937). Pourtalesella alipioi has ovicell with pseudoporous entooecium, two latero-oral avicularia with oval rostra, and four distal oral spines. In the original description of Pourtalesella, Winston (2005) mentioned “no spines except on ancestrula”, but the material described by Marcus (1955) has four oral spines and the ooecial surface perforated by several pores. Therefore, the status of S. alipioi requires clarification. On the other hand, P. carvalhoi is similar to P. duoavicularia Ramalho & Moraes n. sp. in the number and shape of avicularia, and shape of the ovicell, but can be distinguished by the sinus shape (very narrow V-shaped in P. carvalhoi, very broad in the new species), and the smaller oral avicularium. Pourtalesella incrassata (Canu & Bassler, 1928b), described from North Atlantic, differs from the new species in having narrower V-shaped sinus, single or paired oval avicularia placed laterally to the orifice and oriented distolaterally, and additional avicularia on or close to the ovicellate zooids (Winston 2005, fig. 253), while P. rugosa (Osburn, 1940), also described from North Atlantic, has only oral avicularia with blunt pointed rostra.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Moraes, Fernando C., Salgado, Leonardo T., Bastos, Alex C. & Moura, Rodrigo L., 2021, Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4950 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/464324
Parasmittina Osburn 1952
No full textParasmittina sp. (Figs 7E, F; 8A, B) Material examined. MNRJBRY-1518: Brazil, Maranhão state (Sta #7, 00°14.742’S – 044°54.089’W), 23 m, on rhodoliths, 29 September 2014; MNRJBRY-1421: Brazil, Amapá state (Sta#3, 03°35.4267’N – 049°07.6028’W), 90 m, on rhodoliths, 26 September 2014; collected by Fernando Moraes & Rodrigo Moura (NHo Cruzeiro do Sul). Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar. Autozooids approximately rectangular, longer than wide [L 411–564–750 (SD 111, N 13); W 245–298– 357 µm (SD 33, N 13)]; frontal shield abraded, seemingly smooth with circular to elliptical marginal areolar pores, varying in size [18–29– 49 µm diameter (SD 10, N 18)] (Fig. 7E, F). Peristome short, apparently more developed laterally (frequently broken in the studied colonies), forming a shallow, median, U-shaped pseudosinus (Figs 7F, 8A, B). Primary orifice almost circular [L 100–111–125 (SD 7, N 11); W 99–108– 115 µm (SD 5, N 11)], with a pair of thin, pointed triangular condyles slightly curved downwards, and a median anvil-shaped lyrula occupying about one-third of the orifice proximal margin; 1–2 oral spines (rarely three) on the non-ovicellate zooids; spines not visible in ovicellate zooids (Fig. 7F, 8A, B). One spathulate avicularium [L 109–115– 127 µm (SD 6, N 7)] proximo-lateral to orifice and oriented proximally; rostrum smooth, sometimes asymmetrical at the tip, crossbar complete (Figs 7F, 8A); a similar avicularium observed placed more medially on the frontal shield of only one zooid (Fig. 8A, see arrow). Another latero-oral avicularium, larger (L 307 µm), with elongate triangular rostrum, broken at the tip, proximally oriented (Figs 7A, 8B). Ovicell rounded in outline, usually broken, ooecial surface with large and irregular pseudopores, occupying mainly the central region and highly variable in number from 5 to 20 (Figs 7E, F, 8A). Remarks. The studied specimens resemble Parasmittina alba Ramalho et al., 2011 described from Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) in the shape of the primary orifice, in having the majority of the zooids with two oral spines and spatulate avicularia. However, P. alba differs in having a giant spatulate avicularium, and triangular frontal avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with ectooecium perforated by pseudopores or a fenestra. Another similar species is P. distincta Ramalho et al., 2018, which shares with the Amazon species the circular shape of the primary orifice and the presence of spatulate avicularia lateral to the orifice, but differs in having also triangular avicularia on the side of the orifice, laterally or proximally directed, 2–4 spines (in Parasmittina sp. two spines are more frequent), and beaded distal margin of the primary orifice. The studied specimens were poorly preserved preventing accurate species level identification.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Moraes, Fernando C., Salgado, Leonardo T., Bastos, Alex C. & Moura, Rodrigo L., 2021, Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4950 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/464324
Espaços e estórias na obra de Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho: Encontro com o escritor
No full textIn Part 1 of this study, we interview Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho, the person and the writer. In Part 2, we examine his novels and complete this section with a thorough review of studies about the author or that refer to his works. Na primeira parte deste estudo, entrevistamos Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho, a pessoa e o escritor. Na segunda parte analisamos os seus romances e completamos este trabalho com uma revisão meticulosa de estudos sobre o autor ou de referência à sua obra
Hemismittoidea asymmetrica Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos 2018, n. sp.
No full text<i>Hemismittoidea asymmetrica</i> n. sp. <p> <b>(</b> Fig. 4E, F)</p> <p> <i>Hemismittoidea</i> sp. nov.: Bastos <i>et al</i>., 2018: table 1.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry1342, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry1379, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1389, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin ' <i>asymmetricus, -a, -um'</i>, meaning 'unequal, asymmetrical', referring to the asymmetrical shape of the sinus formed by the development of the peristome.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Multilamellar colony. Autozooid rectangular to irregularly polygonal, with an almost circular orifice having six or seven distal spines; peristome well developed proximally, forming a larger protuberance on one of the sides; sinus U-shaped, asymmetrical, with a pair of prominent and fringed condyles, and a large, broad anvil-shaped lyrula; a single, large, triangular avicularium located adjacent to the peristomial sinus, directed proximo-laterally; ovicell almost immersed, with few small circular pores on the ooecial surface and a single row of larger areolar pores.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Encrusting colonies, forming more than one layer, frequently overgrown by other bryozoan species (e.g. <i>Stylopoma variabilis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> and <i>Parasmittina distincta</i> <b>n. sp.</b>). Autozooids rectangular to irregularly polygonal, distally rounded, longer than wide (344–390–436 µm long x 290–336–376 µm wide) with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate except for a few scattered circular areolar pores (13–16) (Fig. 4E). Orifice almost circular, slightly longer than wide (81–108–118 µm long x 87 –96–103 µm wide), with six (sometimes seven) distal spines; peristome low distally and laterally but well developed proximally forming a protuberance, more developed on one of the sides; wide U-shaped sinus, asymmetrical due to the peristomial protuberance; a pair of prominent and fringed condyles; a large and broad anvil-shaped lyrula, usually partially hidden by the protuberance formed by the peristome on one side (Fig. 4E, F).</p> <p>Single, large, triangular avicularium (84–109–141 µm long) proximo-laterally directed and located adjacent to the peristomial sinus; rostrum triangular, ending on a sharp tip, palate with a large pore; crossbar complete and ligula present (Fig. 4E). Ovicell almost immersed, wider than long (191–204–213 µm long x 218–242–260 µm wide), large, extending onto the distal zooid for half the length of the frontal shield or almost reaching the orifice; ooecial surface perforated by a few small, circular pores and a single row of larger areolar pores which become obscured by calcification (Fig. 4F).</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution.</b> Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos <i>et al</i>. 2018; present study).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Eight species of <i>Hemismittoidea</i> are known worldwide. Most are extant (except <i>H. waiorensis</i> Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 from the Miocene of India) and described from the Pacific Ocean (bryozoa.net; accessed 0 1.0 3.2018). None were previously known from Brazil. The most similar species are <i>H. corallinea</i> Soule & Soule, 1973, described from Hawaii, and <i>H. hexaspinosa</i> (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972), from New Zealand, which shows 6– 7 oral spines and a triangular avicularium. <i>Hemismittoidea corallinea</i> has avicularia that are slightly more elongate (120–122–130 µm long), located medially or almost medially and directed proximally, and an orifice with strong condyles hooked proximally and smooth.</p> <p> <i>Hemismittoidea hexaspinosa</i> can be distinguished from <i>H. asymmetrica</i> <b>n. sp.</b> by the narrower, rounded and central sinus, distally constricted, and the more elongated, narrow avicularia with finely serrated rostra.</p>Published as part of <i>Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1)</i> on pages 166-167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437570">http://zenodo.org/record/1437570</a>
Efeitos da eletroestimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua sobre a dor, capacidade funcional submáxima e estado de humor em mulheres com dismenorreia primária
Get PDFIntroduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a chronic condition that negatively
affects women's lives in many social, emotional and physical aspects. So far, drug
therapy and thermotherapy have been the most effective means of treating
dysmenorrhea, but these have undesirable adverse reactions or short-term local
effects. Transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive
cortical stimulation technique that promotes changes in brain functioning, and seems
to have good effects on pain and functionality. To date, there are no studies of this
therapy on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with PD.
Objectives: The main objective is to investigate the effect of tDCS on the DLPFC on
pain in patients with PD. The secondary outcomes were functionality and mood.
Methods: A double blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out. 26
volunteers with PD were randomized into two groups. The tDCS group received
therapy for 5 consecutive days, while the Sham group performed the same protocol,
but the current was turned on for a period of 30 seconds and then turned off. tDCS
was performed in the DLPFC, with an intensity of 2mA. Participants in both groups
were assessed at two times: in the first 24 hours of the initial menstrual cycle (AV1),
in the first 24 hours of the next menstrual cycle and after intervention (AV2). To
evaluate the primary outcome, the numerical pain scale was used. For the secondary
outcomes mood (affectivity and anxiety), and of functionality, were used the Hamilton
anxiety rating scale, the positive and negative affect scale, and de six-minute walk
test, respectively. Results: No significant interaction between intervention and time
was found in the NRS [F (2.44) = 1.358, p = 0.26] and a significant effect of time was
noted [F (2.44) = 4.446, p = 0.01] was found. The active group showed a significant
reduction in anxiety (p = 0.03) with a mean difference of 5.12 (95% CI 0.79 to 11.05).
There were no significant differences between positive and negative affect (p = 0.95
and p = 0.15, respectively). Submaximal aerobic performance was significantly
higher in the active group [F (2.21) = 5.591, p = 0.02], with a mean difference of
70.87 (95% CI 8.53 to 133.21). Conclusion: tDCS in the DLPFC region appears in
this study as a resource with satisfactory effect on functionality. This is effective in
reducing anxiety, improving mood and functionality.Introdução: A dismenorreia primária (DP) é uma condição crônica que afeta
negativamente a vida da mulher em muitos aspectos sociais, emocionais e físicos.
Até o momento, a terapia medicamentosa e a termoterapia têm sido os meios mais
eficazes para tratamento da dismenorreia, porém estes apresentam reações
adversas indesejadas ou efeito local de pequena duração. A eletroestimulação
transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) é uma técnica de estimulação cortical
não invasiva que promove mudanças no funcionamento cerebral e parece ter bons
efeitos sobre a dor e funcionalidade em mulheres com dor crônica. Até o momento,
não há estudos dessa terapia na região de córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral (CPFDL)
em mulheres com DP. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito da ETCC na região de CPFDL
sobre a dor, capacidade funcional submáxima e estado de humor em mulheres com
DP. Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado e duplo
cego. 26 voluntárias com DP foram randomizadas em dois grupos. O grupo
ETCCCPFDL recebeu a terapia por 5 dias consecutivos, enquanto o grupo Sham
realizou o mesmo protocolo, porém a corrente foi ligada por um período de 30
segundos e em seguida desligada. A ETCC foi realizada na região de CPFDL, com
intensidade de 2 mA por 20 min. As voluntárias dos dois grupos foram avaliadas em
dois momentos: nas primeiras 24 horas do ciclo menstrual inicial (AV1) e nas
primeiras 24 horas do ciclo menstrual seguinte, após intervenção (AV2). Para
avaliação da dor, do desfecho primário do estudo, foi utilizada a escala numérica da
dor. O estado de humor foi avaliado por meio do estado de ansiedade e da
afetividade, para tanto, foram usadas as escalas de ansiedade de Hamilton e de
afeto positivo e negativo, respectivamente. A capacidade funcional submáxima foi
medida por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos. Resultados: Não foi
encontrada interação significativa entre intervenção e tempo na dor avaliada por
meio da escala numérica da dor (NRS) [F (2,44) = 1,358, p = 0,26], e foi percebido
um efeito significativo do tempo [F (2,44) = 4,446, p = 0,01]. O grupo ativo
apresentou redução significativa da ansiedade (p = 0,03) com diferença média de
5,12 (IC95% 0,79 a 11,05). Não houveram diferenças significativas entre afeto
positivo e negativo (p = 0,95 e p = 0,15, respectivamente). A capacidade funcional
submáxima foi significativamente maior no grupo ativo [F (2,21) = 5,591, p = 0,02], com média diferença de 70,87 (IC95% 8,53 a 133,21). Conclusão: A ETCC em região de CPFDL aparece neste estudo como um recurso de efeito satisfatório sobre a capacidade funcional submáxima e ansiedade. Contudo, não apresenta efeito direto significativo sobre a dor e sobre a afetividade positiva e negativa
Parasmittina distincta Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos 2018, n. sp.
No full text<i>Parasmittina distincta</i> n. sp. <p> <b>(</b> Fig. 3C–G)</p> <p> <i>Parasmittina</i> sp. nov. 1: Bastos <i>et al.</i>, 2018: table 1.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry1341, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry1382, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1383, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin ' <i>distinctus, -a, -um</i> ', meaning 'different’, referring to the different shapes of the avicularia in this species.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Autozooids quadrangular to rectangular with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate, except for marginal areolar pores. Orifice with usually two, but up to four, distal hollow spines, wide anvil-shaped lyrula and a pair of triangular and prominent condyles; single shoe-shaped avicularium usually located laterally to orifice and directed latero-proximally. Other types of avicularia located laterally to orifice: small triangular avicularia on a raised prominence; rare large triangular avicularia directed laterally; and very rare large avicularia, elongate with a triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, directed proximally.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Encrusting colonies. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly quadrangular, longer than wide (327– 455–596 µm long x 245–324–465 µm wide), arranged in quincunx (Fig. 3C, D). Frontal wall coarsely tuberculate, imperforate except for 16–22 circular to oval areolar pores along the margin and one or two pores located between the orifice and the frontal avicularium (Fig. 3C, D). Orifice almost circular (84–103–129 µm long x 93 –104–116 µm wide) with sparsely beaded distal rim and a wide and shallow sinus; peristome low with raised lateral lappets; large anvil-shaped lyrula (33–42–54 µm wide) occupying the proximal part of orifice (Fig. 3D–G); condyles located at the proximal-lateral wall (Fig. 3E), triangular and prominent; oral spines usually numbering two but as many as four, strong and hollow (Fig. 3C–F). Avicularia diverse. Frequently one or, more rarely, a pair of shoeshaped avicularia (87–104–115 µm long) located on frontal wall, proximal-lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally; crossbar complete (Fig. 3C–E). Two other types of triangular avicularia may occur rarely on the same autozooid located beside the orifice: one is directed laterally or slightly proximally, with raised rostrum and complete crossbar (76–182 µm long) (Fig. 3F); the other (very rare) is larger and more elongate (225 µm long), directed proximally, with long triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, and complete crossbar (Fig. 3C; note that in the studied material the unique example of this type of avicularium was broken, showing just the distal part of the rostrum). Ovicell globose, becoming immersed with age, ooecial surface with large rounded pores (Fig. 3G).</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution.</b> Parcel dos Abrolhos and California Reef, Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos <i>et al</i>. 2018; present study).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Six <i>Parasmittina</i> species have been recorded in Brazil: <i>P. trispinosa</i> (Johnston, 1838), <i>P. betamorphae</i> Winston, 2005, <i>P. spathulata</i> (Smitt, 1873), <i>P. alba</i> Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2011, <i>P. simpulata</i> Winston <i>et al</i>., 2014, and <i>P. loxoides</i> Winston <i>et al</i>., 2014. Among these Brazilian species, <i>P. simpulata</i> has similar shoe-shaped avicularia to <i>P. distincta</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, but also has giant spatulate avicularia, a narrower lyrula, beaded condyles and one or two distal spines; <i>P. alba</i> has one or two oral spines, shoe-shaped avicularia and triangular avicularia with serrated rostra located more frontal than lateral to orifice, a large and spatulate avicularium present on some zooids, and ooecia perforated with pores or fenestra.</p> <p> Other species recorded in Brazil lack shoe-shaped avicularia and have other distinctive features as follows: <i>P. loxoides</i> has an orifice without a sinus and shorter and narrower lyrula, and spatulate and giant avicularium directed distally; <i>P. betamorphae</i> has only two oral spines, giant, extremely spatulate avicularia, plus smaller triangular avicularia which can occur on the frontal wall; <i>P. spathulata</i> has long and narrow lateral avicularia in addition to large spatulate avicularia; and <i>P. trispinosa</i> has a short and quadrangular lyrula, and avicularia occupying different positions on the frontal wall. Comparing <i>P. distincta</i> <b>n. sp.</b> with congeneric species associated with corals that also have shoe-shaped avicularium: <i>P. marsupialis</i> (Busk, 1884) has two distal oral spines and a narrow, usually tall lyrula, numerous avicularia on the frontal surface and other types of avicularia (small and short triangular, large oval, and an additional triangular frontal avicularium); <i>P. protecta</i> (Thornely, 1905) resembles the new Abrolhos species in its avicularia, orifice and lyrula shape but has two oral spines (rarely three), a well-developed peristome forming a long sharp protuberance in the suboral region, the rounded avicularium has an incomplete crossbar, the triangular avicularium has a serrated rostrum, and the ooecium has larger and more irregular pores. Moyano (1983) described <i>P. proximoproducta</i> which can be distinguished in having several small and an elongate triangular avicularia near the orifice and lacking shoe-shaped avicularia.</p>Published as part of <i>Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1)</i> on pages 164-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437570">http://zenodo.org/record/1437570</a>
Parasmittina distincta Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos 2018, n. sp.
No full text<i>Parasmittina distincta</i> n. sp. <p> <b>(</b> Fig. 3C–G)</p> <p> <i>Parasmittina</i> sp. nov. 1: Bastos <i>et al.</i>, 2018: table 1.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: Holotype: MNRJ-Bry1341, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Paratype: MNRJ-Bry1382, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1383, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin ' <i>distinctus, -a, -um</i> ', meaning 'different’, referring to the different shapes of the avicularia in this species.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Autozooids quadrangular to rectangular with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate, except for marginal areolar pores. Orifice with usually two, but up to four, distal hollow spines, wide anvil-shaped lyrula and a pair of triangular and prominent condyles; single shoe-shaped avicularium usually located laterally to orifice and directed latero-proximally. Other types of avicularia located laterally to orifice: small triangular avicularia on a raised prominence; rare large triangular avicularia directed laterally; and very rare large avicularia, elongate with a triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, directed proximally.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Encrusting colonies. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly quadrangular, longer than wide (327– 455–596 µm long x 245–324–465 µm wide), arranged in quincunx (Fig. 3C, D). Frontal wall coarsely tuberculate, imperforate except for 16–22 circular to oval areolar pores along the margin and one or two pores located between the orifice and the frontal avicularium (Fig. 3C, D). Orifice almost circular (84–103–129 µm long x 93 –104–116 µm wide) with sparsely beaded distal rim and a wide and shallow sinus; peristome low with raised lateral lappets; large anvil-shaped lyrula (33–42–54 µm wide) occupying the proximal part of orifice (Fig. 3D–G); condyles located at the proximal-lateral wall (Fig. 3E), triangular and prominent; oral spines usually numbering two but as many as four, strong and hollow (Fig. 3C–F). Avicularia diverse. Frequently one or, more rarely, a pair of shoeshaped avicularia (87–104–115 µm long) located on frontal wall, proximal-lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally; crossbar complete (Fig. 3C–E). Two other types of triangular avicularia may occur rarely on the same autozooid located beside the orifice: one is directed laterally or slightly proximally, with raised rostrum and complete crossbar (76–182 µm long) (Fig. 3F); the other (very rare) is larger and more elongate (225 µm long), directed proximally, with long triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, and complete crossbar (Fig. 3C; note that in the studied material the unique example of this type of avicularium was broken, showing just the distal part of the rostrum). Ovicell globose, becoming immersed with age, ooecial surface with large rounded pores (Fig. 3G).</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution.</b> Parcel dos Abrolhos and California Reef, Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos <i>et al</i>. 2018; present study).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Six <i>Parasmittina</i> species have been recorded in Brazil: <i>P. trispinosa</i> (Johnston, 1838), <i>P. betamorphae</i> Winston, 2005, <i>P. spathulata</i> (Smitt, 1873), <i>P. alba</i> Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2011, <i>P. simpulata</i> Winston <i>et al</i>., 2014, and <i>P. loxoides</i> Winston <i>et al</i>., 2014. Among these Brazilian species, <i>P. simpulata</i> has similar shoe-shaped avicularia to <i>P. distincta</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, but also has giant spatulate avicularia, a narrower lyrula, beaded condyles and one or two distal spines; <i>P. alba</i> has one or two oral spines, shoe-shaped avicularia and triangular avicularia with serrated rostra located more frontal than lateral to orifice, a large and spatulate avicularium present on some zooids, and ooecia perforated with pores or fenestra.</p> <p> Other species recorded in Brazil lack shoe-shaped avicularia and have other distinctive features as follows: <i>P. loxoides</i> has an orifice without a sinus and shorter and narrower lyrula, and spatulate and giant avicularium directed distally; <i>P. betamorphae</i> has only two oral spines, giant, extremely spatulate avicularia, plus smaller triangular avicularia which can occur on the frontal wall; <i>P. spathulata</i> has long and narrow lateral avicularia in addition to large spatulate avicularia; and <i>P. trispinosa</i> has a short and quadrangular lyrula, and avicularia occupying different positions on the frontal wall. Comparing <i>P. distincta</i> <b>n. sp.</b> with congeneric species associated with corals that also have shoe-shaped avicularium: <i>P. marsupialis</i> (Busk, 1884) has two distal oral spines and a narrow, usually tall lyrula, numerous avicularia on the frontal surface and other types of avicularia (small and short triangular, large oval, and an additional triangular frontal avicularium); <i>P. protecta</i> (Thornely, 1905) resembles the new Abrolhos species in its avicularia, orifice and lyrula shape but has two oral spines (rarely three), a well-developed peristome forming a long sharp protuberance in the suboral region, the rounded avicularium has an incomplete crossbar, the triangular avicularium has a serrated rostrum, and the ooecium has larger and more irregular pores. Moyano (1983) described <i>P. proximoproducta</i> which can be distinguished in having several small and an elongate triangular avicularia near the orifice and lacking shoe-shaped avicularia.</p>Published as part of <i>Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1)</i> on pages 164-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437570">http://zenodo.org/record/1437570</a>
Vt cecinit poeta: the presence of Virgil in Rodrigo de Castro's De uniuersa mulierum medicina
No full textDe uniuersa mulierum medicina, by the Portuguese physician Rodrigo de Castro, is a complex gynaecological treatise that comprises sources concerning various medical aspects, both ancient and contemporary to the author, and also non-technical sources, namely poets from classical antiquity. This being the first article on the presence of Virgil in Castro, the main goal is to see where Virgil's Georgics 4 and Aeneid 6 are used in the De uniuersa mulierum medicina and explore how passages from the Virgilian oeuvre were used by the Portuguese physician.De uniuersa mulierum medicina, by the Portuguese physician Rodrigo de Castro, is a complex gynaecological treatise that comprises sources concerning various medical aspects, both ancient and contemporary to the author, and also non-technical sources, namely poets from classical antiquity. This being the first article on the presence of Virgil in Castro, the main goal is to see where Virgil's Georgics 4 and Aeneid 6 are used in the De uniuersa mulierum medicina and explore how passages from the Virgilian oeuvre were used by the Portuguese physician
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