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A characteristic-based decision tree approach for sustainable energy applications of biomass residues from two major classes
No full textThe characteristic potential of biomass residues from two major classes for sustainable energy applications has
been critically evaluated. These include sheesham wood dust (SWD), sheesham bark (SB), eucalyptus chips
(ECLP), gamhar wood chips (GWC) from wood and woody biomass (WWB) class; and coconut shell (CS), coconut
husk (CH), rice straw (RS), rice husk (RH), wheat husk (WH), bagasse (BGS), tea waste (TW), corn cob (CC), pista
shell (PS), akhrot shell (AS) and mustard stalk (MS) from herbaceous and agricultural biomass (HAB) class.
Overall, biomass residues cover a wide range of acceptable moisture levels for various thermal conversion
processes. Fixed carbon (FC), C, and H content of all the samples showed linearity with calorific value (CV), but
H/C and O/C atomic ratios, besides linearity with cellulose and hemicellulose, have non-linearity with CV and
lignin. Specifically, agricultural wastes (RS, RH, and WH) have relatively less moisture, volatile matter, FC, C,
and CV; and higher ash, H/C, and O/C atomic ratios, N, and S content. WWBs have higher CV than other residues
(particularly agricultural residues), owing to higher lignin content (with higher heat value) than hemicellulose
and cellulose.
Among various ash components, assigning a clear trend is difficult. BGS, PS, and AS indicate extremely-high
slagging and high fouling tendencies, and the remaining 12 samples have low to medium concerns. Amongst
hemicellulose (H), cellulose (C), lignin (L), and extractives (Ext), four structural types (CLHExt > CHLExt >
HCLExt > LExtHC) exist. CLHExt follows in 3WWB and 2HAB; CHLExt in 8 HAB; HCLExt in 1 HAB; LExtHC in 1
WWB sample. Thermal analysis results show that HABs are mostly more reactive and have less activation energy
than WWBs. The observed experimental findings and characteristic associations form a basis for placing these
feedstocks for indicator purposes linked with further advance and sustainable feedstock processing needed for
gasification, combustion, and steelmaking. A novel decision tree approach has been developed for propositions
about characteristic parameters, which provides a systematic means of selecting the feedstocks for sustainable
energy applications
Bio-coke: A sustainable solution to Indian metallurgical coal crisis
No full textCoal is the predominant global energy source, where its consumption as metallurgical coke from fast-depleting
prime coking coal is vital. In India, the complete depletion of prime coking coal and ultimate dependence on low-
grade low-volatile coking coal reserves are the primary concern, so the need to explore alternative fuels, pref-
erably with less climatic concern. Accordingly, a process for the synthesis of bio-coke, a novel product, using
varying blending ratios (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50) of such inferior grade coal and biochars (derived
at 550◦C) of coconut shell (CSC), groundnut shell (GSC), sawdust (SDC), and sugarcane bagasse (SBC) in the
presence of starch and molasses binders was developed via carbonization (at 800–1100◦C). Obtained bio-cokes
from coal and biochars with molasses possess better strength and plastic properties for metallurgical applications
than those prepared with starch, and can be a sustainable substitute for metallurgical coke
Feedstock and pyrolysis conditions affect suitability of biochar for various sustainable energy and environmental applications
No full textCurrently, the substitution of continuously depleting coal, a predominant source of global energy, and the
treatment of contaminated soil and water bodies with sustainable means are the major concerns. Accordingly,
biochars derived from slow pyrolysis of wood and rice residues (400–1000 ◦C) were observed to improve their
properties over related feedstocks, among noticeable characteristic variations depending on the biomass type and
pyrolysis temperature. Low-temperature pyrolysis produced high-yield biochars, and high-temperature pyrolysis
produced low-yield, higher-C, and higher-HHV biochars. Wood residue biochars had higher HHV (21.25–24.05
MJ/kg) and lower H/C and O/C atomic ratios (0.643–0.201 and 0.326–0.084) than rice residue biochars
(16.61–18.60 MJ/kg) and (1.22–0.259 and 0.720–0.558), respectively. Thus wood residue biochar, because of its
substantially higher HHV than the threshold for an adequate solid fuel, have the potential for energy applica-
tions. The wood residue biochars (600–1000 ◦C) have higher C (>85%) than expected for pulverized coal in-
jection (PCI, 75%C); and for coke, coke breeze, and recarburiser (85%C), together with much less ash and S
content than required for blast furnace (BF). It can be utilized as PCI in BF (100%); as sintering solid fuel and BF
nut-coke (50–100%); as BF carbon/ore briquette and steelmaking recarburiser (0–100%); and as a coal blend
(2–10%) for coke-making, together with reduced onsite emissions. Wood residue biochars from 400 ◦C have the
characteristic potential to replace 22.8% PCI and as a blend with lignite in existing coal-fired power plants. Wood
residue biochars (600–1000 ◦C), with less H/C and O/C atomic ratios and a similar polarity index to pulverized
fuel combustion coal, can be well applied in power-generating systems. Rice residue biochars (400–1000 ◦C),
with poor persistence (O/Corg ratio, 1.228–0.799), higher alkali and alkaline earth metals content, and less HHV
than the threshold for an adequate solid fuel, have weak prudence for fuel applications. But with other adaptable
properties viz., higher pH, ash, (O/C and N/C) atomic ratios, polarity index, surface functional groups, plant
nutrients, and moderate surface areas, can be selectively and judiciously utilized for soil amendment, soil-
remediation, C-sequestration, wastewater treatment, and other pollutant abatements. Decision tree ap-
proaches, based on the characteristic pertinence of these biochars with literature values, have been developed for
their various sustainable energy and environmental usages; and associated environmental concerns and needs to
promote them to industrial-level applications have been discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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