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Underground Europe. Lungo le rotte migranti
No full textThrough the lens of a remote history, distant in both time and space, the book explores the present of Europe, a space surrounded and marked by violent and peremptory borders, yet reached and crisscrossed by ongoing and persistent illegalized routes. The migration crisis triggered in 2015 has further heightened the selectivity of the internal and external border regime adopted by the EU, its member states, and the surrounding countries. As a consequence, the whole European space has turned into a broader borderland, which has made reaching its territories increasingly risky and incredibly lethal, while making any movements within them more and more difficult and almost impossible. Still, behind the impression of violent impermeability suggested by the image of a “fortress” and within the striated spaces of a territory permeated by a panoply of border devices and apparatuses, the routes built up and inhabited by migrants and asylum seekers’ “secondary movements”, which are often supported by heterogenous solidarity networks, reveal a different, reversed, and deferred political landscape. More precisely, they seek to transform what appears to be a trap into a possible crossroads, within and towards “Europe”.
The book explores this twofold dimension by reading it through the historical antecedent of the Underground Railroad (UGRR), the abolitionist network made up of hidden passages, connections, nocturnal itineraries and day-time safe houses that supported tens of thousands of runaway slaves in their escape from the regime of exploitation and racial terror of chattel slavery and the plantation system, by finding asylum in the free states of the North and, after the Fugitive Act in 1850, in Canada. From this celebrated, disputed, and often usurped black history, it picks out a series of possibilities and traces that have yet to be redeemed, establishing a kind of intimacy, a distant dialogue between them and the present of Europe. These possible futures of that past are contained, hidden, and retraced through the peculiar idea of routes understood as built and inhabited counter-spaces aiming toward a place perceived as free, through the possibility of coalitions and alliances along those routes, and through the tension toward a different horizon evoked by the notion of “abolition democracy” suggested in 1935 by W.E.B. Du Bois.
In a kind of space-time travelogue triggered by an old abolitionist book we stumbled upon in Canada, amidst ancient UGRR stations which now lie abandoned or have been transformed into museums, remains of utopian communities created in mid-nineteenth-century New England, and through a debate that continues to concern historians and haunt a present marked by the chains of modern racial capitalism, a series of connections are established with possible junctions and stations of an Underground Europe. Calais, Ceuta and Melilla, Patras, Lampedusa, Ventimiglia and The Roya Valley, but also Paris, Athens, and many other points scattered across a map under constant transformation, become places for partisan ethnographic accounts and stories, nodes along indefinite routes, opportunities for heterogeneous coalitions, bringing out a different, real, and possible underground image of Europe. For over three years, from the "humanitarian eviction" of the makeshift camp of Calais to the outbreak of the pandemic, the authors have followed the stories and routes of an incessant struggle for mobility, carried out by migrants on the move and supported by solidarity networks, with the aim of transforming borderland Europe into a porous, “Maroon” space to meet one another and live together, an Underground Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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