1,721,001 research outputs found
L’efficacia della musica e della musicoterapia nella riabilitazione neuromotoria
No full textThis article review includes the controlled and randomized controlled trials about the use of music and music therapy techniques in the neuromotor rehabilitation. The paper defines the music therapy and delineates the neuroscientific bases and rehabilitative potential of music and music therapy interventions. Significant results are present in the stroke and Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. The Author's conclusions suggest the need of more rigorous studies based on clear procedures and strong methodological research criteria
When music becomes music therapy
No full textScientific literature provides evidence of the unquestionable effects of music both in pathological contexts and upon individuals generally speaking. Also on the physiological, neurophysiological, biological and neurochemical levels, confirmation of such effects has been forthcoming. The above thoughts can help re-model music-therapeutic practices by introducing the following aspects (Evidence Based Music Therapy and Evidence Based Practice): musical and relational training of music therapists, presence of a therapeutic setting, a theoretical/methodological background, aims oriented to the achievement of stable and long- lasting improvements (according to type and gravity of pathologies considered), content (active and/or receptive techniques) facilitating intra- and inter-personal relationships with the patient/client and rigorous assessment criteria. This is what defines the therapeutic specificity of music and contextualizes the various possible interventions through music. Music can be the source of deep pleasure, it can stimulate relationships and attentive and cognitive functions, but it becomes therapeutic practice only in the presence of the essential components mentioned above
MUSICOTERAPIA E INTERSOGGETTIVITÀ: PREMESSE TEORICO-APPLICATIVE E STRUMENTI DI RICERCA
No full textThe inter-subjective framework, developed towards the end of the 20th century in the U.S., focuses on the non-verbal communication aspects within the patient-psychoanalyst interaction. These aspects, mutually shaped by the patient-psychoanalyst dyad, allow change to happen within any kind of psychotherapy treatment. This specific focus on the patient-psychoanalyst relationship appears to be particularly suited to applications in the field of Music Therapy, especially when musical improvisation is chosen as the main approach. This contribution aims at highlighting both the origins and current developments of the Music Therapy within clinical practice, focusing on the intersections with the framework of inter-subjective theory. In particular, we will discuss research tools developed by the authors and aimed at evaluating some key parameters of Music Therapy sessions, and in particular that of attunement. The main aim is to provide a contribution in which clinical work, with a specific focus on Music Therapy, proves to be clinically grounded
La musicoterapia in una prospettiva intersoggettiva
No full textL’articolo pone l’attenzione sulla necessità di individuare una possibile cornice teorica per la musicoterapia. In merito a ciò propone una possibile integrazione tra la prospettiva intersoggettiva e la libera improvvisazione sonoro-musicale. Gli Autori individuano in alcuni concetti chiave, quali ad esempio quelli di "sintonizzazione affettiva", "affetti vitali" e "momento presente", il punto di contatto con la prassi musicoterapica improvvisativa. Secondo questa prospettiva le potenzialità terapeutiche dell’elemento sonoro-musicale sono attribuibili alle sue caratteristiche di organizzatore e regolatore nello sviluppo dell’individuo. In tal senso la musicoterapia può favorire, attraverso il canale non verbale sonoro-musicale, il determinarsi di relazioni rappresentative e simboliche sempre più motivate e interiorizzate
La musicoterapia nelle demenze e in altri ambiti neurologici: dalle premesse scientifiche alla "Evidence Based Music Therapy"
No full textMusic therapy can be considered one of the most significant non-pharmacological interventions in the neurological diseases. In the first part the dissertation delves into specific contents of music therapy and focuses on scientific bases of the discipline describing its clinical practices.
Both active and receptive approaches with music are described distinguishing their contents, aims and different practices. In the second part the dissertation includes the research projects carried out during the Doctoral Program and a summary of the published scientific articles. Research activity was made mainly in the field of dementia and concerned in particular the efficacy of active music therapy approach on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia. Other reported studies concerned research projects on the stroke (in particular on the language impairment deriving from the disease), disorders of consciousness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. The last study presented in the dissertation refers to the use of fMRI in the field of music therapy. This neuroscientific approach can be considered an important possibilty to assess the effects of music therapy and to explain its underlined therapeutic mechanisms.
The studies shared a rigorous scientific methodology (much of those were randomized controlled trials) and reflected the possibility to apply the evidence-based approach also in the field of music therapy (Evidence Based Music Therapy).
The dissertation presents a course of research that, starting from scientific bases of music therapy and going through the clinical practice, has developed a strong methodological approach to prove possible therapeutic/rehabilitative effects of music in the field of neurology
Music and music therapy in the management of behavioral disorders in dementia
No full textMusic and music therapy are unanimously accepted as an important non-pharmacological resource for the management of Behavioural and Psychiatric Symptoms of Dementia. The results achieved derive essentially from the use both of active music-therapeutic techniques and from individualized listening activities. From the analysis of the literature emerges a need for a clear definition of the approaches undertaken, a stronger methodological rigour in research and the introduction of cognitive and physiological assessments in music and music therapy studies. There is no longer reason to doubt how multi-faceted are the benefits that can be brought about by the strength of sound and music: the number both of documented clinical experiences and of methodologically cogent works bearing witness to it is ever-increasing
COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF MUSICIANS
No full textPlaying music may involve different cognitive domains, but previous studies of musicians and patients with brain lesions have reported inconsistent associations between music performances and other cognitive functions. Fine musical performance may be associated with high executive and control functions. 21 skilled musicians and 21 age- and education-matched healthy controls with no specific musical competence were compared on attentive, executive, linguistic, perceptual, praxic, memory, and theory of mind functions, using standardized neuropsychological tests. No differences between the musicians and controls, music composers and performers, or between soloists or orchestral players were observed. In musicians, there was no correlation between the test scores and amount of music education. Findings based on these musician groups, carefully evaluated, suggest further exploration of associations of distinct components of music comprehension and expression with different cognitive functions and behavioral aspects. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2011
The Evaluation of Music Therapy Process in the Intersubjective Perspective: the Music Therapy Rating Scale.
No full textThis study presents an instrument (Music Therapy Rating Scale) to evaluate the relationship process between the patient and the therapist during music therapy sessions. The rating scale was developed from an intersubjective framework and from an improvisational music therapy technique. It mainly consists of two behavioral classes: Non-Verbal Communication and Sonorous-musical Communication. Five levels for each class are given (from 0 to 4). Every 15 seconds two couples of music therapists coded the behaviors in seven sessions with different patients. The patients were seven children (4 males; 3 females) aged 3-10 years (mean age = 6,28), diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The reliability indexes were computed and there was a substantial agreement in the assessments of the video raters (Non-Verbal Relationship: = .70; Sonorous-musical Relationship: = .77). A digital output of the program to use the MTRS is presented and clinical implications are shortly discussed
Can music therapy alleviate psychological, cognitive ad behavioral impairment in epilepsy?
No full textIt is well- known that the burden of epilepsy is provoked not only by the type and severity of the seizures and chronic pharmacological therapies, but also by an array of cognitive and psycho-behavioural problems that contribute in reducing quality of life and persist even after seizure control. Music activity and music therapy techniques showed significant effects on psychological, behavioral and cognitive aspects in many neurological disorders. Nevertheless, music therapy has been not applied in the field of epilepsy as a therapeutic-rehabilitative technique. The brain circuitry of music involves different neural systems in the temporal and frontal lobes, which are also implied in executive functions, language, memory and ToM. In our opinion the sharing of neural networks that support music processing and production and other cognitive functions suggest that music therapy may help to attenuate cognitive deficits, in particular those caused by epilepsy. The positive impact of music and music therapy on psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life could be also translated in epilepsy. We hope that, considering the above mentioned aspects, music therapy could be also included in rehabilitative programs in epilepsy, contributing to alleviate the psychological, behavioral and cognitive impairment. Evidence-based research projects using well-designed music therapy methods are needed to verify this hypothesis
why music in neurology?
No full textEmpirical results, but also scientific studies showed the efficacy of music interventions on psychological, cognitive and motor aspects. This is consistent with strong effects of music on brain areas. Literature has shown music interventions can improve behavioral, cognitive, motor, psychological, relational and emotional outcomes in different neurological pathologies. Significant results are present in particular in dementia, stroke and Parkinson's disease. We can find also minor results and qualitative research approaches in multiple sclerosis and in other brain injury such as vegetative and minimally conscious state. More rigorous methodologies and criteria of research are needed to support and stengthen te therapeutic value of music
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