1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The multifunctional pastoral systems in the Mediterranean EU and impact on the workforce
No full textMeeting of the Mediterranean Sub-Network of the FAO-CIHEAM International Network for the Research and Development of Pastures and Fodder Crops.This study partly results from the TRAMed research funded by the EU Marie Curie programme.Pastoralism constitutes a multifunctional system of animal production; the system is endowed with a range of values, which, nonetheless, are not captured in the prices of products. Indeed, pastoralism protects rural livelihoods especially in marginal and remote areas which, in the absence of inhabitants, would become abandoned or nurturing illegal activities , is endowed with important cultural features, produces high-quality dairy products and plays an irreplaceable role in preserving and maintaining ecosystem functioning. An important function of the system lays in the provision of income and employment to communities inhabiting mountainous or remote areas, for whom productive opportunities are limited. The purpose of this study is to present the main functions of pastoralism, alongside with the main pre-conditions for the protection and development of its various forms in the Mediterranean (transhumance, island animal production, grassland-based livestock farming). The study focuses on necessary political, social and regulatory adjustments to formulate a favorable operational environment, which should accommodate its unique multifunctional features and differentiate it from conventional intensive or semi-extensive systems
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Valuation of agricultural externalities in Strymonas basin
No full textThe agricultural sector produces a wide range of externalities. These non-traded goods and services are produced jointly with food and fiber and affect the environment, rural development and food security. The production of externalities from agriculture is referred to as agriculture’s multifunctionality. The main purpose of this Thesis is the valuation of several externalities of agriculture in Strymonas valley. The choice experiment technique is employed in order to examine the locals’ preferences for three characteristics of multifunctionality. These characteristics are externalities on water resources, the transfer of surplus labor from agriculture to other sectors in order to safeguard agricultural cultural heritage and agricultural landscapes and the values of farming, which are reflected in increased incomes from agriculture to ensure the existence of faming in the region. The valuation scenario includes the extensification of farming in the region, by the establishment of a non-profit regional Organization in charge of supervising farming in the area. A parametric programming model is employed in order to examine the possibilities for such an extensification. The results indicate that substitution of intensive crops by irrigated wheat and lucerne postulates significant benefits in terms of lower pressures on local ecosystem and increased individual incomes from agriculture, however it is expected to bring about a fall in employment in agriculture. The results of the econometric analysis point out the heterogeneity of preferences, which entails that the majority of habitants are interested in safeguarding these externalities. The estimated marginal willingness to pay indicates a mean willingness to pay of 5,92 € for reducing agrochemical use by 1 percent, of 0,09 € for retraining one farmer in order to work in the emergence of agricultural cultural heritage and agricultural landscape and of 5,77 € for increasing average incomes from farming by 1 percent in order to motivate farming. These estimates are used to calculate the compensating surplus from benefits that are expected to occur from extensive agriculture. Comparisons of compensating surplus against income loss reveal a net social surplus from changing the cropping pattern. This surplus represents the values that society places on farming with low resource use, on cultural and natural characteristics created by agriculture and on farming itself, which is endowed with non-use vaues.Οι εξωτερικές επιδράσεις αποτελούν εγγενές φαινόμενο της γεωργίας. Πρόκειται για μη εμπορεύσιμες εκροές οι οποίες επηρεάζουν το περιβάλλον, την αγροτική ανάπτυξη και την ασφάλεια των τροφίμων. Η παραγωγή εξωτερικών επιδράσεων από τη γεωργία συνιστά την πολυλειτουργικότητά της. Σκοπός αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η αποτίμηση ορισμένων από τις εξωτερικές επιδράσεις της γεωργίας στην κοιλάδα του ποταμού Στρυμόνα. Η αποτίμηση στηρίζεται στη μέθοδο του πειράματος επιλογής με την οποία καταγράφονται οι προτιμήσεις των κατοίκων της περιοχής για τρία χαρακτηριστικά της πολυλειτουργικότητας. Πρόκειται για τις εξωτερικές επιδράσεις της γεωργίας στο περιβάλλον και ιδιαίτερα στους υδατικούς πόρους, την αποδέσμευση εργασίας από τη γεωργία για την ανάπτυξη δραστηριοτήτων όπως η διατήρηση του γεωργικού τοπίου και της γεωργικής πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς, και τις αξίες του γεωργικού επαγγέλματος, που αντανακλώνται στην επιδίωξη για υψηλότερα εισοδήματα στον τομέα, που θα διασφαλίσουν τη συνέχισή του. Η επίτευξη αυτών των στόχων διερευνάται στα πλαίσια ενός σεναρίου εκτατικοποίησης της γεωργίας, με την ίδρυση ενός κοινωφελούς τοπικού Οργανισμού που θα την επιβλέπει. Οι δυνατότητες μιας τέτοιας εκτατικοποίησης διερευνώνται με τη μέθοδο του παραμετρικού προγραμματισμού από την οποία προκύπτει ότι η υποκατάσταση εντατικών καλλιεργειών από εκτατικότερες συνεπάγεται μείωση των πιέσεων της γεωργίας στο οικοσύστημα και αύξηση των εισοδημάτων, αλλά θα επιφέρει μείωση της απασχόλησης στον τομέα. Τα αποτελέσματα του πειράματος επιλογής φανερώνουν την ετερογένεια των προτιμήσεων ως προς αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά και αποκαλύπτουν πως η πλειοψηφία των κατοίκων είναι διατεθειμένη να πληρώσει 5,92€ για τη μείωση της χρήσης αγροχημικών κατά 1%, 0,09€ για την επανεκπαίδευση ενός γεωργού, ώστε να απασχοληθεί στην ανάδειξη της γεωργικής πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς και του γεωργικού τοπίου και 5,77€ για την αύξηση του μέσου γεωργικού εισοδήματος κατά 1%, ως κίνητρο συνέχισης της άσκησης της γεωργίας στην περιοχή. Οι εκτιμήσεις αυτές αξιοποιούνται στον υπολογισμό των ωφελειών από την εκτατικοποίηση της γεωργίας. Η αντιπαραβολή τους με τις αντίστοιχες εισοδηματικές απώλειες φανερώνει ένα καθαρό κοινωνικό πλεόνασμα που οφείλεται στις αξίες που αποδίδει η κοινωνία στην επικράτηση μιας γεωργίας χαμηλών αγροχημικών εισροών, στα πολιτιστικά και φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά που διαμορφώνει η γεωργία και στο ίδιο το γεωργικό επάγγελμα
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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