1,721,002 research outputs found
Differenze intersessuali nella capacità di orientamento iniziale del Topino (Riparia riparia)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE PORCINE URETHRAL MUSCLE
No full textThe urethral muscle (UM) is a pelvic striated muscle involved in the voluntary control of micturition, that
needs complex interactions between autonomic and somatic afferent and efferent pathways. The afferent
fibres travelling in the pudendal nerves are both myelinated and unmyelinated and can modulate bladder
activity being sensitive to urine flow, contraction of the muscle itself and painful stimuli (1‐2). For a better
understanding of visceral nociception and excretory mechanisms we studied the site, morphology and
neurochemical characteristics of primary sensory neurons projecting to the UM of the pig, considered an
important animal model for biomedical studies.
After injection of 50 μl of Fast Blue (FB) in the ventral side of the UM of two 40‐Kg boars, the bilateral T14‐
Ca1 spinal ganglia (SG) were collected, cryosectioned and immunohistochemically processed to assess the
co‐existence of the vanilloid receptor (VR1) with substance P (SP) and neuronal nitric oxide‐synthase
(nNOS) within FB positive (FB+) neurons.
We observed a thousand FB+ neurons bilaterally in S2‐S4 SG. Their area ranged from 300 to 2000 μm2. The
majority (~69%) of the FB+ cells tested was VR1‐immunoreactive (VR1‐IR). Part of them (~12%) was also
nNOS‐IR, while only ~4% was also SP‐IR. nNOS‐IR and SP‐IR neurons were found in ~16% and ~6% of the
FB+ neurons tested.
The presence of FB+ neurons almost exclusively in the S2‐S4 suggests that afferent fibres from the pig UM
travel in the pudendal nerves.
The VR1‐IR small/medium sized neurons could be the source of the unmyelinated nociceptive fibres
responding to noxious chemical and mechanical stimuli, already documented in the lower urinary tract (3).
Activation of these afferents triggers painful sensations as well as body defence mechanisms such as
inflammation and bladder hyperactivity that eliminate infectious or irritating, potentially injurious, agents
from the urinary tract.
nNOS‐IR neurons were observed in a small number of cells, but it is known that their number increases as a
consequence of pathological lesions. They synthesize NO, a gaseous neurotransmitter that should act in a
retrograde manner both in SG and in the spinal cord modulating multisynaptic local circuits that process
nociceptive inputs (4).
SP‐IR neurons were scarce and most of them co‐expressed VR1. They could trigger central autonomic reflex
and peripheral axon reflexes which modulate smooth muscle activity and facilitate transmission in
autonomic ganglia in an anterograde manner.
In conclusion, our results indicate an important role of nociception among afferent inputs from UM that
facilitate the micturition reflex and promote complete bladder emptying
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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