1,721,015 research outputs found

    Safety assessment of a CFRP retrofitted bridge

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    The maintenance of existing bridges sometimes requires an intervention to increase their residual bearing capacity during their service life. The bridge strengthening can modify significantly the original structural behaviour, but, in many cases, the lack of a specialized standard for existing structures in the past prevented the designer to operate a suitable check of the updated performance. In the paper, an example of a three-span overpass, built in the sixties in Lombardia, is investigated. Around ten years ago a significant restoration was carried out due to the bad conditions of the infrastructure: the P/C beams were retrofitted by means of CFRP strips and the top slab over the two internal piers was also strengthened by additional reinforcement. After a basic diagnostic aimed at verifying the mechanical characteristics declared in the documentation attached to the drawings and the pictures of the retrofitting intervention, a load test driven by a preventive structural analysis carried out by means of a linear elastic approach allowed to fix a control procedure aimed at guaranteeing the safety conditions in the future time. The discussion on the adopted procedure is the main goal of the paper

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Synchronous mucinous colonic adenocarcinoma and multiple small intestinal adenocarcinomas: Report of a case and review of literature

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    With the wide use of diagnostic imaging modalities, multiple primary malignancies frequently occur; different associations of malignancies have been reported. We describe the case of a primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of large bowel synchronous with three primary poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of ileum. This type of association has not been described yet; since computed tomography increasingly is proving to be highly accurate in detection of colon cancer, this technique is recommended in such patient

    Local Strengthening of Poorly Executed Plain Tunnel Linings: Design and Construction Features

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    Several roadway tunnels built in rock masses are made of plain concrete or weakly reinforced with high-bond bars. The geo-radar investigation carried out at the end of the execution in some tunnels along the pass variant located in Tuscany, aimed at the understanding of the source of a crack pattern appeared few months after the completion of the works, showed a significant reduction up to 90% of the design thickness in some situations of the internal final lining. In order to locally intervene, the use of a corrugated curved sheet metal hang to the vault of the tunnel by means of chemical steel anchors is used as a stretched reinforcement for a positive bending moment. Fibre-reinforced concrete is used to fill the inter-space layer of at least 30 mm between the metal sheet and the original lining. Four prototypes, each one made of 4 corrugated steel metal sheets assembled by means of tightened bolts were tested to verify the sagging and hogging bending moment capacity. Four holes, characterized by a Φ200 mm diameter, were practiced in the original lining, 50 mm thick to reproduce the smallest thickness, to favour the shear transmission between the FRC layer and the plain concrete lining. An AR glass fabric is glued to the original plain concrete lining to improve also the hogging bending moment capacity. The predicted values evaluated by means of a plane section and a Finite Element model are considered for the discussion of the experimental results
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