178,035 research outputs found
Regulatory Quality in the European Commission and the UK: Old questions and new findings. CEPS Working Document No. 362, January 2012
No full textThis paper examines the quality of impact assessments in the European Commission and the United Kingdom for the period 2005-2010. We coded 477 impact assessments for the UK and 251 for the European Commission, using a detailed scorecard - adjusted to reduce the bias evidenced by previous usages of this instrument. The findings suggest that impact assessment is not merely a perfunctory activity in the European Union and the UK. Quality has improved steadily over the years, arguably as a result of learning and regulatory oversight. The UK and the European Commission are strikingly similar on a number of impact assessment dimensions (such as economic analysis
and identification of costs and benefits). The impact assessments of the European Commission seem to pay more attention to social and environmental aspects, however. The
conclusions reflect on the implications of our findings for current policy discussions on regulatory quality and the role of regulatory oversight bodies
The distribution of occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position and temporomandibular disorder
No full textThe aim of this study was to describe the distribution of occlusal contacts in subjects with signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and to assess whether any difference exists with healthy subjects. Twenty-five university dental students with complete natural dentition who exhibited TMD (13 females and 12 males, age from 19 to 30 years) and 25 age- and sex-matched controls entered the study. Occlusal contacts were evaluated in the intercuspal position and wax registrations were made in all subjects. Occlusal contacts were classified according to location and intensity. No differences were found between TMD and control groups for the overall number and distribution of contacts or for any side and intensity of contact. An intra-subject analysis showed that TMD subjects had significantly greater bilateral asymmetry in the number of contacts than controls. Median absolute difference of the number of contacts on right and left sides was 3 (95% CI, 2-4) in TMD subjects and 2 (95% CI, 1-2) in controls. In TMD subjects with mono-lateral TMD there was a significant concordance (88.9%) between the side of disorder and the side of higher number of contacts. These findings, while confirming that a significant relationship exists between distribution of occlusal contacts and TMD, further suggest that in young adults it may be primarily expressed by asymmetries in occlusal contact patterns. Existence and aetiology of any association of TMD with occlusal contacts should be further investigate
Prove nazionali 2004-05 cereali minori: Buoni risultati dalla selezione delle nuove varietà di avena
No full text“The relatioship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population“
No full textThe association of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms of dysfunction of the masticatory system was assessed in a sample of 483 adult subjects, aged 18-75 years and selected from the general population living in the municipality of Segrate, a metropolitan area in northern Italy. Subjects were interviewed by a questionnaire about oral conditions, occurrence of symptoms of masticatory disturbances, craniofacial and neck pain. The overall prevalence of bruxism was 31;4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27;3-35;5%). At univariate analysis bruxism was significantly associated with craniofacial pain, difficulty in closing the mouth, difficulty in opening the mouth wide or in locking the mouth, temporomandibular joint sounds, pain on movement, a feeling of stiffness or fatigue of the jaws, and neck pain. After adjustment for reciprocal influences and confounding variables, logistic regression analysis disclosed a strong independent association of bruxism with difficulty in closing the mouth (adjusted odds ratio, (OR): 2;84, 95% CI: 1;68-4;48), and a weaker relationship with craniofacial pain (adjusted OR: 1;84, 95% CI: 1;16-2;93) and temporomandibular joint sounds (adjusted OR: 1;64, 95% CI: 1;00-2;69). The findings show that in the general adult population there is a complex connection among bruxism, craniofacial pain and symptoms of masticatory disturbances. Furthermore, they suggest that the most direct relationship of bruxism may be with difficulties in mouth movements, but also an independent association may exist with craniofacial pain and other symptoms of temporomandibular disorder
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse mammary tumorigenesis
No full textEpithelial-mesenchymal transition tumorigenesis in the mouse has been described for over 100 years using various terms and with little comprehension of the underlying mechanisms. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition tumors have been recognized in mammary glands of genetically engineered mice. This review provides a historical perspective and the current observations in the context of some of the key molecular biology. The biology of mouse mammary epithelial-mesenchymal transition tumorigenesis is discussed with comparisons to human breast cancer
Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in chronic pulmonary Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle
No full textPulmonary inflammation often results in expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) by both professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs; histiocytes and lymphocytes) and non-professional APCs (respiratory epithelium and endothelium). In this study lesions from 17 cases of bovine chronic pneumonia, associated with Mycoplasma bovis infection, were examined immunohistochemically for M. bovis antigen and MHCII expression. Ten cases of chronic necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia (NBP) were shown to be characterized by abundant perinecrotic M. bovis antigen associated with scant MHCII expression by degenerate leucocytes. Seven cases of chronic catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia (CBP) showed prominent MHCII expression by both professional APCs and respiratory epithelium, in the absence of intralesional M. bovis immunolabelling. The results suggest that prominent MHCII expression by both professional and non-professional APCs plays a role in the pathogenesis of M. bovis-induced CBP. Conversely, the role of MHCII expression in necrosuppurative foci typical of M. bovis-associated NBP can be considered negligible
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Uso di batteri lattici selezionati e lievitazione naturale per la sintesi di peptidi bioattivi in farine di cereali e pseudocereali.
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