1,720,976 research outputs found
Relazione tra la pulizia delle bovine e la qualità igienica e sanitaria del latte
No full textRelationship between cow hygiene and somatic cell and bacterial
counts in bulk tank milk. – The quality of bulk tank milk, in term of bacterial
contamination and proliferation, is influenced by milking machine and milk
tank cleaning, by animal hygiene and by the presence of mastistis microrganisms
into the udder. The aim of the present work was to evaluate cow hygiene
(Hygiene Score, HS) and its effects on Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and bacterial
count (SBC) in the bulk tank milk. Udder, flank and legs HS were evaluated in
10 farms, each farm were visited twice. SBC, thermoduric and coliform bacteria
were evaluated on bulk tank milk (ISO/FIL 4833 and ISO/FIL 4831), SCC were
obtained from AIA (Italian Breeders Association) database. Farms with less
than 100 cows were characterized by 4.81; 2.44 and 3.05 log10 CFU/mL respectively
of SPC, thermoduric and coli bacteria, whereas farms with more than 100
cows had 4.74 log10 CFU/mL of SPC; 2.70 log10 CFU/mL of thermoduric and
2.58 CFU/mL of coli. SSC expressed as Linear Score (LS) was 5.36 e 5.51 respectively
in two groups of farms. All farms were quite clean, only 18% of the udder
were classified as dirty (HS 3 and 4). Farm visits with less than 10% udder HS
3 and 4, less than 35% of flanks and 40% of legs HS 3 and 4, were characterized
by better milk quality than “dirty visits” (CBS = 5.1 vs 5.4 log10 CFU/mL; ther-
Bava et al (2008) Sci Tecn Latt-Cas, 59 (4), 000-000 178
moduric = 3.2 vs 3.1 log10 CFU/mL e coli = 2.8 vs 3.5 log10 CFU/mL, for clean and
dirty visits respectively)
La caratterizzazione analitica del formaggio Fontina sulla base della sua composizione in amminoacidi liberi
No full textLa composizione in amminoacidi liberi del formaggio Fontina è stata studiata su 80 campioni di origine nota e rappresentativi delle diverse condizioni produttive (zona e periodo di produzione, caseificio, durata della stagionatura), nonché su 21 campioni reperiti in commercio. La possibilità di differenziare questo formaggio da prodotti similari sulla base di parametri oggettivi è stata valutata analizzando anche 24 campioni di formaggio Fontal di diversa origine.
L’elaborazione statistica dei dati ha consentito di individuare nel rapporto (GLN+TYR)/(ILE+LYS+GABA) un parametro analitico capace di differenziare (P<0.01) il formaggio Fontina dal Fontal a qualunque stadio di stagionatura. Viene inoltre evidenziato il ruolo chiave della microflora nativa del late nel determinare le caratteristiche di tipicità della Fontina
Indirect conductimetry in the study of propionibacteria inhibition
No full textTemperature (T), pH and NaCl concentration are the parameters that control the rate of propionic acid bacteria (PAB) growth. The indirect conductimetric technique was employed and a medium containing yeast extract, Na acetate, L (+)-cysteine chloride and Na lactate was formulated to amplify the electric signal. Sixteen PAB strains isolated from milk for Grana cheesemaking were tested in different combinations of 4 parameters (temperature, pH, NaCl and species); data were expressed as percentage of growth delay compared to standard conditions (pH 6.1, 30 °C, no NaCl added). Decreasing temperature caused the most significant growth delay (131% at 22 °C and 438% at 15 °C), while PAB growth with decreasing pH and increasing NaCl concentration was less affected in the most restrictive conditions (236% at pH 5.2 and 222% at 2.5% NaCl respectively). A slight stimulating effect was observed at 30 °C and low NaCl content (from 193% at 0% down to 187% at 0.5%). The double combinations T × pH and T × NaCl further increased delay values up to 489% (T × pH) and to 482% (T × NaCl) in the most restrictive conditions, and temperature was always the most important factor; the stimulating effect due to NaCl was amplified at 30 ℧C for all concentrations and at 22 °C at 0.5%. A significant difference was found in the behaviour of the 4 tested species: P. thoeni was the most inhibited, while P. freudenreichii and P. acidipropionici underwent the lowest growth reduction. Strictly controlled temperature (under 22 °C), curd acidification (under pH 5.4) and brine salt concentration are the cheesemaking steps identified as the critical points for containing PAB growth; the reliability of the proposed method suggests further individualization of the most suitable factor levels to contain the late blowing defect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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