22 research outputs found
Lithuania: A Question of Identity
No full textCross currents (New Haven, Conn.)Yearbook of Central European culture
Dexamethasone increases adult rat lung surfactant lipids
No full text Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids stimulates epithelial cell maturation and induces a precocious development of pulmonary surfactant. The response of the adult lung to steroid administration is less well understood. We administered dexamethasone (2 mg X kg-1 X day-1) to adult male rats for 1 wk by daily subcutaneous injection. After pentobarbital anesthesia we lavaged the lungs and also isolated lamellar bodies from the tissue. Lipid analyses of the extracellular and intracellular surfactant compartments showed two- to fourfold greater amounts of total phospholipids and disaturated phosphatidylcholine compared with control. These changes were not found in kidney nor liver and were not present in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, or microsomal fractions from lungs. Morphometric analyses of the type II cells showed that anatomic measures of the lamellar body pool did not increase. We conclude that glucocorticoids have a significant effect to increase lung surfactant lipid pools of adult rat lungs by changing the phospholipid content of lamellar bodies, without changing lamellar body volume. </jats:p
Mechanical ventilation of rat lung: effect on surfactant forms
No full text Mechanical ventilation of the lung could affect surfactant turnover by alteration of its secretion, recycling, and degradation. In vitro studies of surfactant subfractions recoverable from lavage fluid have led to predictions about surfactant physiology in vivo that include morphological transformations. We used electron microscopy to study in situ lipid forms in alveoli of rat lungs after two ventilation strategies [15 min at pressures (cmH2O) of 20/0 or 20/10]. In control animals, 4% of the lipid profile area in the surface lining layer was myelin figures (MF), 14% was tubular myelin, 37% was vesicular forms (VF), and the remainder (45%) was hypophase. Compared with controls, the length-normalized sum of the lipid forms and the hypophase was two times as great in the lungs of the 20/0 group. MF were threefold higher in the 20/0 group and fivefold higher in the 20/10 group. VF doubled after ventilation at 20/0, but VF were the same as control after ventilation at 20/10. The results showed that a ventilation pattern of 20/0 compared with that of 20/10 group was associated with a significantly larger VF, suggesting an increased net production of these surfactant forms during a large tidal volume breathing pattern. These morphological results are consistent with published results using physical methods of fractionating lung lavage. </jats:p
Ontogeny of rat lung type II cells correlated with surfactant lipid and surfactant apoprotein expression
No full text During the last stages of intrauterine growth, remarkable changes occur in the alveolar epithelium that include cellular differentiation and increased production of surfactant lipid and apoprotein. We made morphometric measurements of type II cell characteristics from rats aged gestational day 20 to 14 days postnatal. We also measured the amounts of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and surfactant apoprotein (SP-A) in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage, and a lamellar body-rich fraction, and we estimated the lung content of mRNAs for SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C. Lavage and lamellar body surfactant lipid and apoprotein content per lung showed a pattern of a sharp rise in the early postnatal period, then a substantial decline, and a second increase by day 14. When normalized for dry lung weight, the highest DSPC values were found on postnatal day 1 in all compartments. The fraction of whole lung DSPC found in lamellar body or lavage was greatest in the 48-h period surrounding birth. Lamellar body SP-A was greater than lavage SP-A on gestational day 22, but a day later the lavage SP-A was 16 times greater than the lamellar body SP-A. The lung tissue content of all three apoprotein mRNAs increased sharply before birth, fell during the 1st postnatal wk, and then rose again to adult levels. Type II cell number and lamellar body number per milligram of dry lung tissue was highest on post-natal day 1 and fell by one-half during the 1st postnatal wk. The amount of DSPC per unit of lamellar body volume rose to its greatest value on postnatal day 1 and then decreased more than threefold. These findings indicate a pattern of expansion of surfactant cellular and biochemical pools at the time of birth in the rat. </jats:p
Surfactant apoprotein in adult rat lung compartments is increased by dexamethasone
No full text The distribution of the major surfactant apoprotein (SP-A) in adult rat lung was determined in order to gain insight into its metabolism, including packaging of SP-A into lamellar bodies. The effect of glucocorticoid treatment on surfactant apoprotein was studied to test whether regulation of surfactant apoprotein genes, which has been described for the fetal lung, can be demonstrated in the adult animal. We measured the amounts of immunoreactive SP-A in several lung tissue compartments and lavage fractions from control animals and from the lungs of rats given dexamethasone for 1 wk. Protein and phospholipids were measured, SP-A was quantitated with a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C mRNAs were estimated by Northern blotting. We found an 85-fold concentration of SP-A in a lamellar body-rich fraction compared with lung tissue homogenate and we calculated that as much as one-half of all the tissue SP-A might be accounted for by a lamellar body pool. After 1 wk of dexamethasone treatment, there was an increase in adult rat lung SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA and a substantial increase in tissue and lavage fluid immunoreactive SP-A pools. Lamellar body fraction SP-A content per lung was 1.4-fold higher after dexamethasone, and there was a fivefold increase in the lavage SP-A pool, much of which was inseparable from the alveolar macrophages. We conclude that SP-A is concentrated in the lamellar bodies of type II cells, that dexamethasone treatment increased all surfactant mRNAs, and that it increased SP-A content in adult rat lung. </jats:p
Psicologia e arte: os diálogos de Vigotski com a arte russa de seu tempo
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Florianópolis, 2015.Esta tese pretende contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna sobre as relações entre o pensamento de Lev S. Vigotski sobre arte e as manifestações artísticas na Rússia de seu tempo. As obras de Vigotski analisadas foram ?A tragédia de Hamlet, príncipe da Dinamarca?, de 1916; ?Psicologia da Arte?, de 1925; ?A Educação Estética?, de 1926; e ?Imaginação e criação na Infância?, de 1930. Esses escritos foram cotejados com poemas, romances, contos, excertos de textos de críticos de arte, textos teatrais e análises visuais de obras de arte. O diálogo com as artes compreendeu o período entre 1890 e 1934. O estudo demonstrou profícuas possibilidades de diálogo entre a categoria do trágico em Vigotski e a obra do pintor Pavel Filonov. Evidenciou-se uma clara diferença entre o conceito de catarse em Vigotski e as perspectivas aristotélica e psicanalítica. A função da catarse em Vigotski tem caráter social e não implica em alívio, mas estimula algum tipo de resposta não necessariamente prazerosa no espectador. Constatou-se frequente interlocução com Lev Tolstói, mas observou-se maior aproximação de Vigotski com a perspectiva simbolista da arte como elemento transformador. Do debate com o Formalismo russo, Vigotski destilou uma abordagem objetiva da arte e a consideração da relação entre forma, material e conteúdo na obra de arte. Relacionou-se o tema da criação artística em Vigotski e a produção de coletivos de arte da vanguarda russa, constatando-se inovadoras problematizações da questão da autoria em ambos. Vigotski afirmou a polissemia da obra de arte e a importância da recepção artística, elementos evidenciados também na vanguarda russa. O tema arte e vida foi problematizado a partir de Vigotski e as perspectivas realistas, simbolistas, as performances futuristas, e a relação entre arte e indústria dos construtivistas e produtivistas. A educação estética preconizada por Vigotski é relacionada com as instituições de ensino de arte de antes e após a revolução de outubro de 1917. Comprovou-se as diversas ressonâncias entre a obra de Vigotski e as produções práticas e teóricas dos artistas e críticos de arte de seu tempo. Deste intenso diálogo, afirma-se a atualidade e potência do pensamento de Vigotski para pensar os fenômenos artísticos de seu tempo e de hoje.Abstract : This thesis aimed to promote a dialogue between Lev S. Vygotsky s writings about art and the Russian artistic events of his time. The works analysed were "The tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark", 1916; "Psychology of Art", 1925; "The Aesthetic Education", 1926; and "Imagination and creation of Childhood", 1930. These writings were collated with poems, novels, short stories, excerpts of art critics texts, theatrical texts and visual analysis of works of art, concerning the period between 1890 and 1934. The study showed profitable possibilities for dialogue between the category of the tragic in Vygotsky and the work of the painter Pavel Filonov. A clear difference between the concept of catharsis in Vygotsky and the Aristotelian and psychoanalytic perspectives was evident. The function of catharsis in Vygotsky has social character and does not imply relief, but stimulates some sort of response that is not necessarily pleasant in the viewer. Tolstoy appears as a frequent interlocutor, but Vygotsky identifies more with the view of art as a transforming element found also in Russian Symbolism. From the debate with the Russian Formalism, Vygotsky distilled an objective approach to art and the consideration of the relationship between form, material and content in the artwork. The theme of artistic creation in Vygotsky was related with the Russian art collectives of the avant-garde, what shows that they all questioned the subject of authorship. Vygotsky affirmed the polysemy and the importance of the reception of the work of art, and we discovered that these were concerns also shared with the Russian avantgarde. The relationship between art and life was questioned by Vygotsky and by the main modernist trends of the time, such as Realism, Symbolism, Futurism, Constructivism and Productivism. We associated the aesthetic education advocated by Vygotsky with the art educational institutions prior and after the revolution of October 1917. This study showed many resonances between the work of Vygotsky and the practical and theoretical productions of artists and art critics of his time. We also concluded that Vygotsky s ideas about art are powerful to think about the artistic phenomena of his time and today.<br
Exposure to Mexicali PM Induces NFκβ-Dependent Il-8 Transcriptional Activity in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
No full textInhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity mediates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in human airway epithelial cells exposed to Zn2+
No full textUltrafine carbon particles induce interleukin-8 gene transcription and p38 MAPK activation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells.
No full text
